Volume 9 | Issue 10 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this study, the antibacterial potency of herbal ointments formulated with methanolic extract of Cassia alata was evaluated. The preliminary in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of sun-dried leaves of Cassia alata was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the Agar cup plate method. The antibacterial activity of the extract was predominantly against Gram-positive organisms. Herbal ointments were prepared by incorporating the methanolic extract of Cassia alata (10 % w/w) into aqueous cream, emulsifying ointment and simple ointment bases and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial efficacy. The formulation containing Cassia alata extract in aqueous cream showed comparatively better antibacterial activity than the other formulations in the following order: aqueous cream > emulsifying ointment > simple ointment > crude extract. The herbal ointment also compared favourably with a commercial brand of Gentamicin ointment. This study shows that Cassia alata has antibacterial activity and also has high potential as antibacterial agent when formulated as ointment for topical use and could therefore explain the successes claimed in the folk use of the plant in the treatment of common skin conditions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cassia alata, antibacterial properties, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, herbal ointments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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political, Locke, religion, secular

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Public Expenditure refers to the expenses of the public authorities Central, State and Local Government either for protecting citizens or promoting their social and economic welfare. The public expenditure is important for the development of a nation. The growth of public expenditure that every state must provide in the budget enough resources to maintain big and strong defence forces. The study is based on growth pattern of expenditure done by state government in India. Hence trend analysis, compound annual growth rate and ANOVA is used to measure the increase in pattern of expenditure and its impact in GDP, GNP, Per Capita Income. Based on the objective the analyzes concluded that the impact of state expenditure on economic growth of India, has significant impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI) in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Public Expenditure, GDP, GNP, Per Capita Income, Economic Growth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Field Measurement Book (FMB) sketch is a compilation of map data that is stored in volumes by the Government at the respective Tahsildar office. ... Hence, in a property purchase transaction, FMB sketch is used to verify the land measurements and boundaries of the property.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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FMB, Adangal, Patta, Chitta, A-Register

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Body shaming, Body shaming in India, Imperfect concept of perfection, Shaming the shamer, Stigmatization of Body Shaming

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The migrant crisis or refugee crisis has been one of the most debated topics in Europe over the last few years. The purpose of people, moving to Europe, is to have a stable and secure life which they are not able to attain due to various circumstances at their native places. Historically, Europe has been integrating migrants and refugees within its society from time immemorial and this convention still continues during the recent upsurge of migrants and refugees from troubled areas of the world into Europe. As far as European state of France is concerned, it is a mature society that has been accommodating religious diversity since centuries. But presently, this accommodation of diversity is creating serious challenges to the state and society. This paper outlines the mechanism to accommodate religious diversity in France while briefly describing recent religious demography of the country. A candid effort has been made to find out the challenges in assimilating religious diversity and their possible implications. Although, Diversity is not always a challenge it is considered a blessing in the 21st century and it provides abundant opportunities for the comprehensive evolution of the society. This paper seeks the opportunities which religious diversity provides in the inclusive development of French Society and initiatives taken by French authorities to tap this religiously diversified human capital in the growth of the country.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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France, Immigrants, Religious Diversity, Challenges, Opportunities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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warfare, water stressed, unprecedented, water scares, asymmetric,leadeship

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Women, Safety, Disha, 2019, Andhra Pradesh, Government

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In Wireless Sensor Networks data packets are used to be transmitted from node to base station. Out of these nodes, some nodes become cluster heads, compiling the details of their group members and transferring them to the sink. We suppose that the sensor node population has additional energy sources based on heterogeneity that may be due to initial setup or network performance changing. We also consider that the sensors are transmitted randomly (similarly) and are incompatible. In this research work, a different method is adopted for selection of normal nodes and advanced nodes based on a fixed criterion. Also, In a single round, there are multiple nodes which are working as cluster heads (include normal nodes and advanced node). So, a team of cluster core members is working in each round to transfer the information to the base station. Finally, the efficiency of proposed WSN increases by making the transmission of packets through this core team. In each round, energy dissipated and average energy retains by each node is calculated. Also, number of dead nodes after each round is calculated. Both the values i.e., dead nodes after every cycle and average power retain by every node will be treated as output parameters. Also, Number of cluster heads per cycle, Number of Packets to the Base station and number of Packets to the head of Cluster are calculated and plotted. These parameters are compared from that of existing SEP, EAMMH and LEACH. MATLAB R2013a is used as an implementation platform using generalized toolbox and wireless sensor network toolbox.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Wireless Sensor Network, Stable Election Protocol, Cluster Leader, Sensor Node, Energy, Base Station.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition