Volume 11 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Herbal medicines have been used for centuries across cultures for their therapeutic benefits. However, the bioavailability of herbal compounds has often been a limiting factor in their efficacy. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to address this issue by improving the solubility, absorption, and targeted delivery of herbal drugs. This comprehensive review explores the role of nanotechnology in enhancing the bioavailability of herbal drugs, covering various strategies, mechanisms, and recent advancements in this field.

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 Keywords

nanotechnology, nanoparticle formulation, Targeted Delivery Systems, Stability Enhancement

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 Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made rapid strides in recent years, which has allowed them to excel at a wide range of activities including document completion and question responding. This has raised concerns about the unchecked usage of these models, which might lead to undesirable results like plagiarism, the creation of false news, spamming, etc. As LLMs must be used responsibly, accurate AI-generated content identification has become crucial. Several studies have attempted to solve this problem by including model signatures into text outputs or by watermarking texts with predetermined patterns. However, it has been observed that by a paraphrase attack, in which a light paraphraser is implemented on the LLM produced text. A range of AI detectors may be overwhelmed including those that employ watermarking methods, neural network-based detectors, and zero-shot classifiers. Furthermore, LLMs protected by watermarking methods are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where a human adds covert watermarking signatures to human made text In this study, we examined the strengths and weaknesses of the watermarking and non- watermarking techniques for identification of text generated by AI. We looked at the soft watermarking technique for AI generated text and non-watermarked AI generated text and observed how it was vulnerable to spoofing and paraphrase attacks. This study reveals that the AI generated text detectors are unreliable under real-world conditions.

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Large language models, AI generated content identification, DetectGpt, AI detectors

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School counsellors play significant role in the total development of students in respect to career choices, in view of that career development interventions are provide to support the provision of information to guide students make well informed choices in personal, academic and social aspects. This study thus, aimed to examine whether the role of the school counsellor has any influence as well as guide students in their bid to choose career. Using the mixed method approach the study sought answers to; what specific role the school counsellor play to assist SHS students' career choice and also whether there is any significant relationship between the role played by school counsellors and students' choice of career. Results from the study showed that students strongly agreed that career guidance and counselling, career goal identification, organization of career days and conferences, administration of occupational interest inventory on students were among career intervention roles by the school counsellor influence their choice of career. Further, there was a positive correlation between the role of the counsellor and its influence on students choice of career. it is thus recommended that frequent intervention programmes need to be provided to support students make well informed choices. Keywords: School Counsellor, High School, Occupational Interest, Group Guidance, Career Choice, Vocational Guidance.

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The role of career counsellor and students career choice in high school : The Assessors perspective in a korba case

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of yogic exercises and aerobic exercises on selected psychological variables namely Stress, aggression and anxiety. The study has carried out and well designed to help to the practitioners in develop their personality factors. In this study the researcher has selected yogic and aerobic exercise training that is having more effect on psychological variables

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 Keywords

psychological variables, yogic exercises, aerobic exercises Anxiety, Stress, and Aggression

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 Abstract

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ਭੂਿਮਕਾ - ਸੀ ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦਵੇ ਜੀ ਿਸੱਖ ਧਰਮ ਦ ੇ ਮੋਢੀ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ।ਉਹਨ ਦਾ ਜਨਮ 15 ਅਪੈਲ 1469 ਈ: ਿਪਤਾ ਮਿਹਤਾ ਕਾਲੂ, ਮਾਤਾ ਿਤਪਤਾ ਦੇਵੀ ਦੀ ਕੱੁਖ ਰਾਏ ਭੋਈ ਦੀ ਤਲਵੰਡੀ ਿਵਖੇ ਹੋਇਆ। ਆਪ ਦਾ ਸਮੱੁਚਾ ਜੀਵਨ ਜਗਤ ਭਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਿਵੱਚ ਲੱਗਾ ਿਰਹਾ।ਆਪ ਨ ਦੁਿਨਆਵੀ ਕੰਮ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ ਲੋਕ ਭਲਾਈ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਿਵੱਚ ਆਪਣਾ ਜੀਵਨ ਬਤੀਤ ਕੀਤਾ। ਆਪ ਨ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਵੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ । ਿਜਸ ਿਵੱਚ ਜਪੁਜੀ ਸਾਿਹਬ ਦੀ ਮੱੁਖ ਬਾਣੀ ਹੈ ਇਸ ਤ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਆਪ ਨ ਆਸਾ ਦੀ ਵਾਰ, ਵਾਰ ਮਲਾਰ, ਬਾਰਹਮਾਹ, ਿਰਤੀ, ਿਥਤੀ, ਆਿਦ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ। ਆਪ ਆਪਣੀ ਸਮੱੁਚੀ ਬਾਣੀ ਿਵੱਚ ਨਾਮ ਜਪਣ, ਿਕਰਤ ਕਰਨ ਤੇ ਵੰਡ ਕੇ ਛਕਣ ਦਾ

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ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਬਾਣੀ ਿਵੱਚ ਇਸਤਰੀ ਜਾਤੀ ਪਤੀ ਆਦਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਤਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਭਾਵ

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New innovations in information management and communication technologies have produced technological assemblages which have radically altered the way people socialize and interact with the world. The most significant and ubiquitous of these technologies is what is colloquially referred to as 'machine learning.' Like most, if not all, technologies, machine learning models are neither wholly good nor bad. Their functional ethics are largely determined by the context in which they are employed. However, their ubiquity demands that we develop a heightened social consciousness of the way machine learning simultaneous constrains, manipulates and democratizes social processes. In order to develop better social understanding of technologies that incorporate machine learning, we must clarify how and why corporate engineers and executives scale and implement machine learning into their respective applications and services. Unfortunately, high-level calculus and computer science obscure this situation and make formulating a critical space for humanist theorists and Science and Technology policymakers an exhaustive discursive endeavor. The absence of a well understood discourse on the manner in which machine-learning algorithms are implemented represents a kind of socio- technical opacity, which obscures technological processes for contextualized corporate, design and user-motivated ethics. In order to address this problem, I propose to analyze the primary machine-learning algorithm models which organize and rank the information presented on social media newsfeed. An analysis that clarifies the function of machine learning algorithms can promote academic research and provide the impetus for Science and Technology policy incentives. Finally, this sort of analysis suggests the need for a regulatory agency for machine learning algorithms prior to their implementation in to public production site environments(i.e. social media)

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 Keywords

Instrumentalization

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Proper fluid intake is crucial for overall health, yet often overlooked, especially among young adults. The research aims to assess the level of knowledge of young women regarding fluid intake, exploring potential differences between hostelites and non-hostelites. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 105 respondents, addressing demographics and knowledge related to fluid intake. The survey revealed both similarities and differences in knowledge about fluid intake among non-hostel and hostel groups of young women. Non-hostel students were more aware of recommended daily fluid intake (80.36%) than hostel students (55.10%). Both groups had similar knowledge of hydrating beverages (around 60%). Knowledge about water's functions and symptoms of dehydration showed no significant difference. However, there was a contrast in understanding hydration based on urine color, with hostel students better informed (44.90%) than non-hostel students (19.64%). Both groups recognized the importance of water as the primary fluid source, the reliability of thirst as an indicator, and the consequences of inadequate fluid intake. The vulnerability of infants to dehydration was better understood by non-hostel students. The hostel group had a slightly better grasp of not using sugary drinks for rehydration. Targeted education can further enhance their understanding of fluid intake. The findings indicate that both hostelites and non-hostelites share a similar understanding of the importance of proper hydration for overall health, with chi-square analysis supporting this observation, revealing no significant differences in knowledge between the two groups. This study holds significance in addressing the prevailing lack of awareness about fluid intake among young adults, highlighting the need for educational initiatives to promote healthier practices.

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 Keywords

Fluid intake, young women, knowledge, educational interventions.

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Over a period of time, technological advancement has given adolescents new addiction disorders. Smartphone has intruded in adolescent's daily life so much that today's generation cannot survive without them. Due to high resolution camera components in smart phones adolescents are coupled with posting selfies on social networking sites and wait for comments of friends and others which boost their narcissistic behaviour.This investigation attempts to find out the relationship between posting selfies in the social networking sites and narcissistic behaviour among adolescents.In this study researcher has developed questionnaires to assess the selfie addiction and the level of narcissistic behaviour among adolescents. From analysis of the data it was revealed that boys were found to be posting selfies and indulging in narcissistic behaviour more than the girls. It was also seen that adolescents from government schools posted selfies and exhibited narcissism more than the adolescents from private schools. Narcissistic behaviour was found to be more among the boys than the girls. Lastly the researcher found that there was a relationship between posting selfies and narcissism among adolescent.

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 Keywords

Posting Selfies, Narcissistic behaviour, Adolescents, Government schools, Private Schools

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep complaint characterized by a classic tetrad of inordinate day dizziness with infectious sleep attacks, cataplexy (unforeseen bilateral loss of muscle tone), hypnagogic daydream, and sleep palsy.[1] This Review focuses on our current understanding of how inheritable, environmental, and immune-affiliated factors contribute to a prominent( but not insulated) orexin signaling inadequacy in cases with NT1. Data supporting the view of NT1 as a hypothalamic complaint affecting not only sleep - wake but also motor, psychiatric, emotional, cognitive, metabolic, and autonomic functions are presented, along with misdoubts concerning the ' narcoleptic borderland ', including narcolepsy type 2(NT2).[2] Narcolepsy paired with cataplexy is substantiated to be an autoimmune complaint.[3] These gests of cataplexy can be brought on by strong feelings. This article critically appraises the substantiation for determination and treatment of narcolepsy.

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Cataplexy, Hypocretin, Drowsiness, Hypersomnia, Polysomnography.

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