Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands at a critical juncture, offering unprecedented innovation while simultaneously posing severe threats to digital privacy, security, and intellectual property. This review paper systematically analyzes the multifaceted privacy crises inherent in the AI era, focusing on non-consensual data collection, the proliferation of harmful deepfakes, and the contentious use of human creations for model training. It further explores a often-overlooked consequence: how AI privacy breaches fundamentally corrupt the integrity of data-driven product design, leading to biased, insecure, and untrustworthy outcomes. Synthesizing recent scholarly literature, the paper identifies significant gaps in current legal and ethical safeguards, arguing that a fragmented regulatory landscape is insufficient. The findings advocate for a proactive, interdisciplinary approach, including the mandatory integration of "Privacy by Design" principles, to ensure that technological advancement is balanced with the unwavering protection of fundamental human rights and the foundation of ethical innovation.

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AI Privacy Breaches Deepfakes Non-Consensual Data Collection Privacy by Design AI Ethics and Governance

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In this paper, we introduce the new class of closed sets namely, intuitionistic fuzzy g^ *closed sets in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces using intuitionistic fuzzy generalized closed sets. Also we discuss some basic properties and investigate the relationship with other existing intuitionistic fuzzy closed sets in intuitionistic fuzzy topological space.

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Intuitionistic fuzzy topology, Intuitionistic fuzzy g^* closed sets, Intuitionistic fuzzy generalized closed sets, Intuitionistic fuzzy generalized open sets.

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As supplemental treatments for cardiovascular illness, herbal cardioprotective substances including terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) and Crataegus spp. (Hawthorn) have drawn more and more scientific interest. Rich in triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, arjuna has long been used to treat angina and ischemic heart disease because of its antioxidant, anti-ischemic, lipid-modulating, and myocardial-protective properties. Stronger data from standardized extract studies suggests that hawthorn includes flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins that improve endothelial function, increase exercise tolerance , and include vasodilation in mild-to-moderate chronic heart failure .The dearth of large head-to-head randomized studies, preparation variation and inadequate long-term safety data remain significant constraints, despite the fact that both botanicals are generally well tolerated and have potential complimentary processes, suggesting synergistic application in cardiovascular therapy. All things considered, Arjun and hawthorn are potential phytotherapeutic agents that need more systematic, extensive clinical research to confirm their safety, effectiveness, and ideal combination for use in contemporary cardiovascular care

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Terminalia arjuna; Hawthorn; Cardiovascular health; Antioxidant activity; Synergistic therapy; Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Phytotherapy, Ischemic Heart Disease, Endothelial Function, Anti-inflammatory action, Polyphenols.

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This article traces the origin and evolution of tea cultivation from the colonial expansion to the current scenario. With archival and government records and secondary sources, it highlights Wayanad with its agricultural-climatic condition, migrant labour system, and exploitation of labourers. This paper focuses on significant estates of Wayanad and its current challenges. Ultimately this article asserts that Wayanad tea plantations are not only economic development but also social and cultural adaptations ignited by colonialism.

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Tea plantations, colonialism, Wayanad, labourers, government boards.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Email communication is a critical component of modern professional and personal interactions, yet it remains one of the most exploited channels for cyberattacks such as phishing, malware infiltration, and social engineering. Conventional spam filters, operating primarily at the user device level, often fail to provide proactive defense and adaptive learning, resulting in exposure to malicious emails and compromised data security. This project presents the design and development of Sentinel - a Gateway-Level Intelligent Email Security System, capable of real-time analysis and classification of incoming emails using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) models. The system integrates an AI-based filtering engine with a secure web gateway, ensuring that malicious emails are quarantined before they reach the user's inbox. Continuous data feedback from users is analyzed by a retraining module, enabling adaptive improvement of the classifier's precision. The framework also includes a web-based dashboard and cloud connectivity for centralized monitoring, feedback visualization, and scalable deployment across enterprises and individuals.

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Email Security, Spam Filtering, Phishing Detection, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI-Driven Cybersecurity, Feedback Learning System, Secure Email Gateway, Real-Time Threat Classification, Cloud-Based Monitoring, Intelligent Filtering, and Proactive Network Defense.

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Background: Gridhrasi (Sciatica) is a prevalent condition marked by pain, numbness, and functional limitation along the sciatic nerve, impacting daily activities. Ayurveda offers targeted therapies such as Agnikarma (therapeutic cauterization) and Siravyadhana (therapeutic venesection), often combined with oral formulations like Trayodashanga Guggulu. Objective: To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka versus Siravyadhana, both alongside Trayodashanga Guggulu, in the management of Gridhrasi. Methods: In this randomized comparative clinical trial, 48 patients diagnosed with Gridhrasi were equally allocated into two groups. Group A received Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka plus Trayodashanga Guggulu, while Group B received Siravyadhana with Trayodashanga Guggulu. Treatment outcomes were assessed using subjective parameters (Ruk, Sthamba, Toda, Gaurava) and objective parameters (SLR) at baseline and post-treatment. Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement in pain relief, functional mobility, and overall patient satisfaction. Group A exhibited slightly faster onset of relief and slight reduction in pain scores and disability indices compared to Group B, indicating a superior therapeutic effect of Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka. No major adverse effects were reported in either group. Conclusion: Agnikarma with Tamra Shalaka, when combined with Trayodashanga Guggulu, is a safe, effective, and superior intervention for alleviating pain and improving function in patients with Gridhrasi. This study supports the targeted use of Agnikarma as a first-line procedural therapy in the Ayurvedic management of sciatica.

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Gridhrasi, Sciatica, Agnikarma, Siravyadhana, Trayodashanga Guggulu, Randomized Clinical Trial

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Microplastics, Lower Lake, water quality and Fishes

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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?????? ????????? ?? ??????? 15??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? '?????? ??????' ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????, ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? '??? ?????' ???????? ?? ??????-?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???-??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????, ??????? ?????, ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ,???? ????,????????? ????, ??? ???? ,?????? ?? ??????,????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ?? ?????--??? ????????, ????? ????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???--?? ???????, ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????-????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????????,?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????- ????-???????, ????????, ?? ??????, ???? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?

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This paper explores the representation of subaltern identities, cultural narratives, and systemic oppression in Narayan's Kocharethi: The Araya Woman, the first tribal novel in Malayalam literature. Through a postcolonial and Dalit literary lens, the study examines how the novel articulates the lived realities of the Malayarayar tribe, particularly through the life of the protagonist Kunjipennu. Drawing upon theoretical insights from Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, and Jyotirao Phule, this paper investigates how Kocharethi functions as both a personal and collective narrative of resistance. By addressing land dispossession, gendered oppression, and cultural erasure, the novel provides a platform for indigenous voices long silenced in mainstream discourse. The paper concludes that Narayan's work is a seminal contribution to postcolonial and Dalit aesthetics, challenging dominant histories and asserting the agency of marginalized communities.

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Marginalization, Subaltern Studies, Dalit Literature, Tribal Identity, Postcolonial Theory, Gender, Land Dispossession, Kocharethi

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This article investigates how Amitav Ghosh's *The Great Derangement* critiques the entangled legacies of colonialism and climate change. Situating the text within eco-critical and postcolonial frameworks, the study explores how Ghosh challenges the literary and cultural silence surrounding the Anthropocene. The paper argues that Ghosh critiques not only the failures of modern politics and literature to engage with ecological crisis, but also exposes how colonial systems of extraction and epistemology have shaped contemporary environmental degradation. Through his call for imaginative courage and narrative rethinking, Ghosh envisions a form of literary engagement that reclaims silenced ecological histories and advocates for a decolonial environmental ethics.

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Keywords: eco-criticism, postcolonialism, climate change, Anthropocene, Amitav Ghosh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition