Volume 13 | Issue 10 |

 Abstract

The Dynamic Traffic Allotment Module uses a laptop-powered computer vision system to count vehicles in real-time from four traffic lanes. Using the Haar Cascade classifier for vehicle detection, the system calculates the traffic density on each road. It then dynamically allocates the green signal time from a fixed cycle time of 120 seconds, proportional to the density of vehicles on each lane, ensuring optimal traffic flow. The Accident Notification Module employs an IR sensor-based mechanism. IR transmitters are embedded in the road, and a receiver is mounted on a dummy car model. When an "accident" is simulated (i.e., the car stops over a transmitter), the IR link is established, triggering an alert on an LCD and a buzzer inside the car model.

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 Keywords

Arduino UNO,USB Webcamera,IR densor,LCD Display,Python,Haar cascade classifier

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Swidden agriculture, locally known as Jhum cultivation, is a prevalent traditional slash-and-burn farming method in the region. This practice, involving seasonal land clearing and burning, particularly between February and March, leads to significant environmental and societal consequences, causing seasonal increases in air pollution in an otherwise 'clean and green' state. The state of Mizoram imposes yearly, a strict and specific timeframe for swidden agriculture burning to take place. The study addresses a notable gap in existing literature concerning the environmental ramifications of swidden agriculture within the Mizoram context. The methodology employed geospatial technology, specifically Sentinel 5P TROPOMI and Landsat 8 OLI datasets, to meticulously evaluate the repercussions of periodic land burning on ambient air pollution levels. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and QGIS were extensively utilised for processing and thematic map creation, primarily leveraging Level 3 Offline (OFFL) Near-Real Time products from Sentinel 5P. The study's objectives are to highlight the utility of active remote sensing in air quality monitoring, assessing the effects of seasonal burning, determining links between swidden agriculture and air quality changes. The analysis focused on data from February to March 2023. The findings reveal a marked escalation in the atmospheric concentrations of hazardous pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), directly coinciding with the peak seasonal burning period of Jhum cultivation from February to March 2023. In contrast, aerosol (UVAI), methane (CH4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) showed minimal or negligible changes in emission levels, or data was inconclusive due to technical limitations for CH4. Interestingly, tropospheric ozone (O3) exhibited a slight dip during this period. This research reinforces the importance of integrating satellite-derived data with terrestrial observations for a more active approach to air quality surveillance. The implications of this study are wide-ranging, extending beyond Mizoram to other areas where swidden agriculture is still practiced.

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 Keywords

Swidden agriculture, Geospatial technology, Air pollution, Mizoram, Satellite monitoring

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Skin, known as Twacha in Ayurveda, is considered the outer protective covering of the body and an indicator of overall systemic health, reflecting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Ayurvedic texts classify skin disorders under the broad category of Kushtha. Acharya Charaka describes seven types of Maha Kushtha and eleven types of Kshudra Kushtha, with Dadru falling under the latter group, primarily involving an imbalance of Kapha and Pitta dosha. Clinically, the presentation of Dadru corresponds to dermatophytosis (Tinea corporis), a common superficial fungal infection characterised by annular erythematous plaques, pruritus, and scaling. Persistent dermatophytic infections may lead to secondary eczematous changes due to disruption of the skin barrier and heightened immune responses. Ayurveda attributes these chronic pathological features to aggravated Pitta and Kapha, along with Ama deposition in peripheral tissues. Therapeutic strategies emphasise both Shamana (pacification) and Shodhana (purification) approaches to restore dosha equilibrium and skin homeostasis. Integrative management incorporating Virechana Karma (purgation), Jalaukavacharana (leech therapy), and targeted topical herbal formulations such as Nimba Taila may improve local circulation, promote tissue repair, and provide antimicrobial action. Modern diagnostic techniques, including KOH microscopy and fungal culture support accurate identification and antifungal selection. This article evaluates a multimodal Ayurvedic approach involving Jalaukavacharana, Virechana, and Nimba Taila in managing Tinea corporis (Dadru Kushtha) with secondary eczematization, highlighting their potential role in enhancing skin barrier function and achieving sustainable clinical outcomes.

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 Keywords

Tinea corporis, Dadru Kushtha, Virechana Karma, Nimba Taila, Ayurveda, Secondary eczematization, Antifungal, Shodhana, Krimighna

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cyber dangers to the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) industry are ever-evolving. Vulnerabilities are frequently not ranked by actual risk in traditional vulnerability management techniques. Inefficiencies and potential regulatory problems may result from this circumstance. The function of Risk-Based Vulnerability and Asset Management (RBAVM) technologies in the BFSI industry is examined in this study. It evaluates the ways in which automation and artificial intelligence might enhance vulnerability identification, prioritization, and remediation. The study also examines adherence to guidelines such as the RBI Cybersecurity Framework and PCI-DSS. The results are intended to provide suggestions for RBAVM implementation in BFSI institutions in order to increase cybersecurity resilience.

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 Keywords

Vulnerability Management, Risk-Based Security, BFSI, Cybersecurity, AI in Security, Compliance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Priority Sector Lending (PSL) is a mandate by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) requiring all commercial banks are required to allocate a specific portion of their lending to those sectors which are all deemed to be a vital for the economic development of our country. In the priority sector lending, the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) also join hands, and in India the goal of establishing RRBs was to provide credit and other financial services to the rural populace, especially the economically disadvantaged segments. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyse how the Commercial Banks (CBs) and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are contributing to the society in terms of lending to the specific sectors like agriculture, micro, small and medium enterprises, education, housing, etc. The study found that both the banks are performing well, and specifically the commercial banks are dominating their role in the area of priority sector lending. The study also statistically found that there is no significant difference in the performance during the study period.

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Priority Sector Lending (PSL), Agriculture, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME's), and Reserve Bank of India, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Commercial Banks (CBs).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Experiential learning is a learner-centered pedagogical approach that emphasizes learning through direct experience, reflection, and active participation. In primary education, experiential methods such as project-based learning, field activities, simulations, and collaborative tasks foster deeper conceptual understanding and enhance motivation. This paper examines how experiential learning shapes cognitive, emotional, and social development in young learners. Drawing from constructivist theories by Dewey, Kolb, and Piaget, it explores how real-world experiences promote engagement, creativity, and lifelong learning. Empirical evidence suggests that experiential strategies improve problem-solving skills, teamwork, and intrinsic motivation. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators to integrate experiential learning within school curricula for holistic child development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Experiential Learning, Primary Education, Constructivism, Child Development, Active Learning, Reflection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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One of the most important sectors to provide social and economic stability in a developing country such as India is insurance. It works based on good faith, risk-sharing and covering against unpredictable losses. However, the complicated question of insurance contracts usually puts the policyholder at a disadvantage. The necessity to protect the policyholders against exploitation, unfair trade practices and the lack of service has thus become a legal necessity. The implementation of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, as a successor to the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, has reinforced the system of protection of policyholders as consumers. This research paper evaluates how the consumer protection legislation has evolved in the insurance sector, and how the 2019 Act has enhanced the consumer protection measures in the form of the Central Consumer Protection Authority, more stringent definitions of unfair trade practices, and lessened grievance redressal processes. The paper also discusses the historic decisions of the courts, which have assumed the shape of the rights of the insurance consumers and the influence of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) in the pursuit of accountability. It also ends by outlining enforcement problems, areas of overlap with other legal mechanisms, and the way forward towards building a more policyholder-friendly insurance regime.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Policyholders, Consumer Protection Act, Insurance Law, Dispute Redressal, IRDAI, Legal Safeguards, Consumer Rights, Unfair Trade Practices, Deficiency in Service.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Literature is the essence of human life in its contextual existence. No other arts can represent human existence in its complete panorama as literature does. Literature is the reflection and reproduction of philosophy in its true essence. Philosophy, in its true sense, finds its abundant expression in literature. The text is prepared in a context and its meaning is truly derived by the context and removing the context out of the purview. The meaning is an interpretation; multiple meanings are possible for multiple interpretations. Society is in constant negotiation with literature and literature exercising its autonomy sees and scrutinizes social structures on which entire society built. Literature is the criticism of human life and society in its larger context. In Telangana revolutionary movement various authors played their vital roles in bringing awareness and unity among the diversified groups of society through which separate state hood had become a possibility. Critical evaluation of Allam Rajaih's short stories makes the picture clear which is the result of human suffering in the hands of power systems. Various critical theories ventured to analyze the modus operandi of literature, but no single theory can claim its authority as the only one possibility of explanation of how literature is created and how it envisages the dialogue among the various forces at play. Allam Rajaiah's works have been taken as a case study to fathom their reliability in promoting a unified consciousness among the victims to raise their voice against draconian suppression in the name of varied dilapidated system. Literature works as a backbone to the flow of change, without change there is no progress and progress is the real worth of being alive otherwise life and social structures become meaningless.

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Key terms: Revolution, Short story, Subjugation, Power systems, Ideological Framework, Feudal System, Exploitation, Bonded Labor, Positivism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown as a minor subset of computer science to become an influential technology in our lives. It assists students in their learning, professionals at work and aids farmers make better decisions on their crop. The effectiveness of AI systems depends on the manner in which people interact with them. The design of accurate and relevant instructions to such systems has become one of the critical skills of effective human AI interaction, which is referred to as prompt engineering. In this paper, the author explains what prompt engineering is and how it can be utilized and enhanced the performance of large language models, such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Google Gemini, in various practical scenarios.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Prompt Engineering, Large Language Models, Zero-shot Prompting, Chain-of-Thought, Human-AI Interaction, Applied AI, Responsible AI Design, Six-Step Method, Real-World Applications, Education.

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This research paper examines the transformative integration of artificial intelligence in visual effects and computer-generated imagery within Tamil cinema, with particular focus on developments from 2020 to the present. The study investigates how AI technologies have revolutionized traditional VFX pipelines, enabling unprecedented creative possibilities while optimizing production efficiency in Kollywood. Through comprehensive analysis of industry practices, technological implementations, and aesthetic outcomes, this research reveals how Tamil filmmakers have leveraged machine learning algorithms, neural networks, and generative AI to enhance visual storytelling across genres. The findings demonstrate a paradigm shift from labour-intensive manual processes to intelligent, automated workflows in areas including de-aging, digital humans, environment creation, and post-production enhancement. Major productions like "Indian 2," "Kalki 2898 AD," and the upcoming "Thalaivar 170" have incorporated AI-driven VFX to achieve global quality standards while maintaining cultural authenticity. The research also identifies challenges including skill gaps, ethical considerations, and artistic integrity concerns that have emerged alongside technological adoption

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Visual Effects, CGI, Tamil Cinema, Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition