Volume 14 | Issue 1 | January-2026

 Abstract

Calendula officinalis L., commonly known as pot marigold, is one of the most extensively used medicinal plants in traditional and complementary medicine systems worldwide. Belonging to the Asteraceae family, this herb has been employed for centuries in the management of wounds, inflammatory disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin ailments. Contemporary scientific investigations have revealed that its therapeutic potential is closely associated with a diverse spectrum of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, quinones, and essential oils. Experimental studies, supported by growing clinical evidence, demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and wound-healing activities. In addition to validating traditional claims, modern research has begun to clarify the molecular pathways responsible for these biological effects. This review provides a comprehensive and updated synthesis of phytochemical composition, pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, extraction technologies, and future research directions. The aim is to offer an integrated scientific perspective that supports the rational and evidence-based utilization of C. officinalis in modern healthcare

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 Keywords

alendula officinalis; Pot marigold; Asteraceae; Medicinal plant; Phytochemistry; Flavonoids; Triterpenoids; Carotenoids; Phenolic acids; Coumarins; Essential oils; Antioxidant activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Antimicrobial activity; Hepatoprotective effect; Antidiabetic activity; Cytotoxic activity; Wound healing; Pharmacological mechanisms; Extraction technologies; Complementary medicine.

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The researchers assessed how flipped teaching affects mathematics self-efficacy of class XI standard students. The study applied a pre-test and post-test equivalent group experimental design to test 200 students who were categorized into two groups: the experimental group (n = 100) underwent flipped teaching, while the control group (n = 100) received conventional teaching. The intervention was executed through two instructional units, which included Set Theory and Relations & Functions. The researchers used their own flipped teaching plan together with a verified Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), which assesses four different aspects of self-efficacy in mathematics: mathematics confidence, motivation and effort, anxiety and stress and goal orientation and Mastery. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the experimental group achieved higher overall self-efficacy scores in comparison to the control group with a t score of 16.95, a p value smaller than 0.01 and a d value of 2.41 which showed a very large effect size. The experimental group results showed no gender differences because boys and girls showed equal benefits from flipped teaching (t = 1.35, p > 0.05). The findings demonstrate that flipped teaching functions as an effective and fair educational method which research supports to improve learner's self-efficacy in mathematics.

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Flipped Teaching, Mathematics Self-Efficacy, Secondary Students, Bloom's Taxonomy, Gender.

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Use of artificial intelligence in education, opportunities and challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Use of artificial intelligence in education, opportunities and challenges

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Environmental stressors- including temperature extremes, hypoxia, salinity changes, and chemical pollutants- pose significant challenges to the physiological balance of animals. These stressors disrupt homeostasis and trigger a range of compensatory mechanisms that involve endocrine regulation, metabolic adjustments, oxidative stress responses, and alterations in immune and osmoregulatory function. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the physiological responses of animals to environmental stress, focusing on mechanisms of adaptation, hormonal mediation, oxidative stress pathways, and implications for survival under changing environmental conditions. Understanding these responses is critical to assessing animal resilience, informing conservation strategies, and evaluating ecosystem health in the face of accelerating global change.

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Environmental stressors, Homeostasis, Adaptation

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ABSTRACT:- Lady Abala Bose life and her contribution in girl's women education, she was the first person who through of institutional Pre-Primary she established Vidyasagar Bani Bhavan in 1925. Women education has always been a matter of grave concern for educationists all over the world and India is no exception. Coming in close contact with widow and divorcee women she realized how to deal with Indian women. Lady Abala Bose entered teacher training programme for spreads of women education. Herideals on education were much influenced by Montessori and other western thinkers, which Lady Bose adopted and applied. Dynamic, innovative and creative teaching and various training method. This study on Abala Bose was responsible, single-handedly or jointly, for the establishment of educational institutions for women. During her lifetime, through the Nari Siksha Samiti, Lady Bose set up about 88 primary schools200 schools in rural areas and 14 adult education centres in the British province of Bengal. With these as well as others' efforts towards women's education through the establishment of schools and colleges, there arose the need for women teachers.

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KEYWORDS:- 'Primary Education';

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Education is an essential human virtue without it, man is a splendid slave, a reasoning savage. Education is a process by which an individual gains knowledge or insight or develops attitudes and skills. Though adjustment is a continuous process in human life it is constantly affected and changed by the experiences of the individual from time to time and also differs from on person to other person. For academic adjustment into-day's school and colleges has grown from a traditional belief in educational opportunity for all. The drastic change in the modernized society will, no doubt continue to make wide and unprecedented demands in the area of occupational, educational, community and family life. Achievement is related to adjustment. If an individual has to adjust mental problems, inspite of his high potentialities, his achievement is likely to be poor. This study is intended to find out the different types of problems faced by the students and to find out the differences if any, between the nature and number of problems of different stratifications of students like boys, girls, students from Urban and rural localities; students studying in different schools etc; as very little is known about the relation of students problems to the family variable like, the educational status of father and mother, it is also intended to see whether the level of adjustment of students vary with these family variables.

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Education, Adjustment, Achievement, Scholastic, Student

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ABSTRACT Stability constant is defined as the metal-ligand interaction. It is also called formation constant indicating how strongly a metal binds with a ligand. Greater the formation strength between metal and ligand, greater is the stability constant of the particular metal-ligand complex. Stability constants associated with mixed ligand complexes of bivalent metal ions with Phenyl Glycine in presence of other O-O donors (viz., maltol, kojic acid, and acetylacetone) was evaluated potentiometrically at T=30 oC and I=0.1 M KNO3 in aqueous medium. Stability trend is discussed in terms of nature of donor atoms and substituent groups present on ligands. Distributions of various species as a function of pH are also drawn using Microsoft Excel. The sequence of stability of ternary complexes with respect to their ligands decrease in the order: maltol > kojic acid > acetyl acetone.

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KEY WORDS: Stability constant, Glycine, Phenyl Glycine, Kojic acid, Maltol, Acetyl acetone, binary and ternary metal complexes.

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Food fraud has become a global concern, impelled by innovation within the food industry and shifting buyer preferences. Milk adulteration is a widespread issue, with various substances being added to alter its composition. Common adulterants include unwanted water content, non native proteins, whey derived proteins, melamine, and urea compounds. Additionally, fats originating from both plant and animal source, along with other minor constituents of milk fat, have been intentionally added undermining the authenticity of milk and its processed to derivatives. These practices not only diminish the quality of dairy products but also pose potential health potential hazards to end users. As a result, the need for reliable authentication processes has grown, leading to the transition from protein-based techniques to more sensitive and reproducible genetic analysis techniques utilize to authenticate dairy items. Among the commonly employed molecular techniques are PCR, Quantitative real time PCR, Multiplex PCR, PCR - RFLP. Despite the availability of various molecular tools for identifying species and breeds in dairy products, there is still a necessity for improved and more reliable methodologies. This review examines both conventional and modern Genomic verification techniques applied to diary authentication. Additionally, it highlights the increasing significance of computational biology for managing extensive data collection and in the discovery of DNA markers that can improve authentication accuracy. One of the primary challenges in molecular-based authentication of dairy products is the quality of DNA, which can be affected by factors such as processing techniques, extraction methods, the chemical properties of the food matrix. PCR-based techniques remain the most widely utilized and successful in ensuring dairy product authenticity. The selection of DNA markers plays a critical role in the success of species and breed detection. While various molecular approaches exist for identifying adulterant species, there is a notable gap in methods for detecting adulterant species. Public databases and advancements in bioinformatics have revolutionized data examination and will be essential in developing effective DNA markers to improve dairy authentication processes

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Keywords: Milk adulteration, species differentiation, authentication methods, molecular techniques.

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The Garhwal Himalayas is a significant ecological and cultural region in Uttarakhand, India, that is confronted with the dualism of economic development, which is to be achieved, and the increasing climate susceptibility. Livelihood opportunity, environmental stress, and strategies of adaptation in the region are discussed in this essay. Based on the secondary data gathered using governmental reports, scholarly research, and institutional sources, the analysis is based on four areas, namely, economic activities, climate-related hazards, adaptation measures, and land use trends. Highlighting in frequency and percentage within these domains was done. The results show that the main economic activities include agriculture, tourism, and hydropower, which contribute to the increase of the ecological pressure in a vulnerable mountain environment. Floods, landslides, and glacial recession are among the climate risks facing the sustainability and community welfare, and therefore adaptive responses are necessary. Community based resource management, eco-tourism and sustainable agriculture are critical strategies, which are backed by policy and institutional frameworks. The paper finds that a moderate solution between development aspirations and climate resilience is visible to providing sustainable growth and inclusive growth in the Garhwal Himalayas.

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Garhwal Himalayas, economic development, climate change, adaptation strategies, sustainable livelihoods, mountain ecosystems, environmental vulnerability

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The multifaceted roles performed by women in a tribal society adds to the preservation of traditional culture and adds towards sustaining the community's collective memory. Women in a tribal culture represent the link between past and present. They do this by bringing tradition into every aspect of the community's daily life through their service and use of knowledge that has been passed down from their ancestors to create ongoing connections between people living today and those who lived hundreds or thousands of years ago. This study uses qualitative ethnographic approach to understand the role of women as preservers of tradition and custodians of culture. It provides a comprehensive examination of how women's influence permeates the various spheres of communal life, arguing that these sites of daily labour serve as the material foundation for cultural preservation. It presents the contributions of women within the Nocte society as working towards preservation of cultural integrity and thereby, creating a broader discourse on indigenous heritage and gendered agency in North-East India.

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Nocte Women, Moktowa Village, Cultural Custodians, Role of women

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