Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

This study uses a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and fibre Bragg gratings to demonstrate an economical and energy-efficient hybrid W/TDM-PON. By providing 10 Gb/s and 1 Gb/s data rates per ONU, system load is managed and a Resource application on demand operation is made possible. The network has a capacity of 80 Gb/s upstream and 160 Gb/s downstream. By just turning on the necessary 10 Gb/s transmitters and using 1 Gb/s transmitters when greater speeds are not needed, energy usage may be decreased. Four-wave mixing in the SOA generates upstream wavelengths, and even in the event of transmitter or receiver failure, the system continues to function. The Q-factor and BER are used to compare the performance of SOA and EDFA.

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SOA, FBG, EDFA, ONU, W/TDM-PON

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A STUDY TO ASSESS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE ON EXAM PERFORMANCE AMONG JUNIOR COLLEGES STUDENTS IN SELECTED COLLEGE OF NAGPUR CITY

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Right Behind You, a novel by Gail Giles, a description of psychosocial development in a young delinquent who is traumatized by feelings of guilt and critique of society is given. This paper describes a sequence of stages in a protagonist from denial and a lack of responsibility to moral thinking and self-acceptance in regard to Identity versus Role Confusion, a stage of Erikson's Psychosocial Development. Kip McFarland, renamed Wade, he is the protagonist of the novel Right Behind You represents youths looking for an identity because of an inappropriate act in attempting to formulate an identity of himself through a violent life. The findings outline self-discovery as an integration of self-reflection and outside perspective from social views of self-discovery, based on a study of stages of psychosocial development through Erikson theory.

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Young Adult Fiction, Identity Formation, Psychosocial Theory, Moral Development, and Juvenile Offenders.

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This paper examines the multifaceted contribution of Andhra Kesari Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu to the social development of Andhra. A distinguished lawyer, journalist, freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and administrator, Prakasam Panthulu left a lasting imprint on every sphere of public life he entered. His influence on the social fabric of Andhra was profound and unparalleled. Inspired by Gandhian constructive programmes, he initiated several pioneering reforms aimed at the uplift of Dalits, handloom weavers, and other marginalized sections of society. His rural development initiatives, particularly the Firka Development Programme, later served as a model for the Community Development Projects that transformed rural India.

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THE CONTRIBUTION OF ANDHRA KESARI TANGUTURI PRAKASAM PANTHULU TO THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANDHRA

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TIRAHUTA SCRIPT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS : AN ANALYSIS

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TIRAHUTA SCRIPT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS : AN ANALYSIS

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Abstract-- The rapid growth of educational automate and streamline institutional processes. The institutions has increased the need for efficient management of academic activities, including faculty performance tracking, student monitoring, and administrative coordination. Traditional manual systems often result in data redundancy, lack of transparency, and increased workload for faculty and administrators. To address these issues, a web-based Academic Performance and Management System has been developed to system provides rolebased access for the Head of Department (HOD), faculty members, and students, enabling faculty to update activities, apply for leave, manage mentorship, and view performance scores, while students can access attendance, internal marks, and submit feedback. The HOD can monitor departmental performance, approve requests, assign substitutes, and evaluate faculty through a centralized dashboard. Gamification elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, motivate faculty participation and enhance engagement. Developed using the Django framework, the system ensures security, scalability, and efficient data management. Overall, this solution improves institutional productivity, simplifies academic management, and offers a reliable platform for informed decision- making.

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Keyword--Academic management, Faculty performance, Student monitoring, Gamification, Dashboard, Web- based system

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The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in online education has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance learning experiences in virtual environments. AR technologies overlays digital elements onto real-world settings, fostering an interactive and immersive learning experience that traditional online courses often lack. This research endeavour explores the advantages and limitations of AR in online education. One of the advantages of AR is its ability to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications. By providing three-dimensional, interactive simulations, AR enables learners to engage with complex topics, such as anatomy, engineering, or molecular biology, in ways that traditional methods cannot achieve. Additionally, AR promotes active participation and individualized learning by adapting content to suit the learner's pace and preferences. Its engaging nature also increases motivation and retention rates, making it particularly useful for STEM education and professional training. Augmented Reality has been found to improve learning outcomes in online courses, particularly in subjects that require hands-on experiences, such as science and engineering (Wouters et al., 2013; Yilmaz, 2016). Additionally, Augmented Reality bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application by offering an immersive and engaging learning experience. However, the study also highlights several limitations, including technical issues, limited accessibility, and high development costs. Moreover, the lack of standardization in augmented reality content and the need for specialized hardware and software can hinder widespread adoption. Augmented Reality can make online courses more accessible for students with disabilities, providing an alternative way of interacting with digital content (Cakir et al., 2019). Despite these limitations, the benefits of augmented reality in online courses far outweigh the drawbacks. This study provides recommendations for educators and instructional designers to effectively integrate Augmented Reality in online courses, maximizing its potential to enhance student learning outcomes.

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Augmented Reality, Online Courses, Educational Technology, Student Engagement, Learning Outcomes

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R.K. Narayan's fictional town of Malgudi occupies a distinctive place in Indian English literature. Though seemingly modest and provincial, Malgudi functions as a powerful postcolonial microcosm that reflects the social, cultural, and psychological realities of colonial and post-independent India. This paper examines Malgudi as a representative of postcolonial space where tradition and modernity, colonial influence and indigenous values, coexist and interact. The literary analysis of Narayan's selected novels such as Swami and Friends, The Bachelor of Arts, Waiting for the Mahatma, and The Guide, argues that he subtly negotiates postcolonial identity, resistance, and continuity through everyday life rather than overt political rhetoric. Malgudi emerges as a living cultural organism that mirrors India's transition from colonial subjugation to self-definition. Malgudi is frequently celebrated as a "postcolonial microcosm"--a self-contained, fictional universe that reflects the shifting identity, social tensions, and cultural evolution of India as it transitioned from a British colony to a sovereign nation. Unlike his contemporaries who focused on grand political narratives like Raja Rao) or social activism like Mulk Raj Anand, Narayan used the quotidian (everyday) life of Malgudi to mirror the vast complexities of the Indian psyche.

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Fictional, Malgudi, Postcolonialism, Microcosm, Indian English Fiction, Cultural Identity

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Sciatica has become one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in today's clinical practice. In India alone, it's estimated that around 1 to 5% of the population is affected. One large study found that each year, about 28 out of every 1,000 people experience lower back pain, and nearly 12 of those cases involve sciatica specifically. Most commonly occurs between the ages of 20 and 64, and men seem to be affected slightly more often than women. Sedentary lifestyle and prolonged sitting with poor posture contribute significantly to lumbar strain, whether it's at work, in the car, or at home. Additionally, prolonged work hours, insufficient exercise, sudden movements during travel or physical activity, and heightened stress levels all contribute to extra strain on our backs. Sciatica is often correlated to Gridhrasi in Ayurveda

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Gridhrasi, Matra Basti, Vatavyadhi, Sciatica, Panchakarma

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Early detection of breast cancer is essential for improving patient survival rates. Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on manual analysis, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. This paper presents an automated breast cancer detection system using deep learning and image processing techniques. Medical images are preprocessed through noise reduction and normalization to enhance relevant features. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to classify images into benign and malignant categories. The proposed model is trained and evaluated using a standard breast cancer image dataset and demonstrates reliable classification performance. This system aims to support medical professionals by improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing workload. The results indicate that deep learning-based approaches can effectively assist in breast cancer diagnosis and provide a foundation for intelligent medical decision-support systems.

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Breast Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Image Processing, CNN, Medical Diagnosis.

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