Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Background: Kleda is a fundamental yet underexplored concept in Ayurvedic pathophysiology, representing the functional expression of Jala Mahabhuta responsible for tissue moisture, lubrication, and metabolic fluid balance. In its vitiated state (Vikrita Kleda), it plays a crucial role in the development of Kapha-dominant disorders, eg. Sthaulya and Prameha. Classical texts describe Sthaulya as a Medo-pradoshaja and Santarpanajanya Vyadhi, wherein deranged Meda Dhatu and impaired Medodhatwagni lead to excessive internal moisture and metabolic imbalance. However, Kleda has rarely been assessed as a measurable etiopathological entity using objective parameters. Aim: To evaluate Sthaulyagata Vikrita Kleda as an etiopathological factor and to explore its correlation with selected laboratory parameters. Methods: A clinical observational study was conducted on 100 subjects, comprising 20 patients each of Prameha, Sthaulya, Sotha, Kushta, and Vrana. Assessment was performed using a specially designed proforma based on classical Ayurvedic features of Kapha Vriddhi and Ama, supported by laboratory investigations including serum cholesterol and body mass index (BMI). A diagnosis of Vikrita Kleda was considered when four or more predefined features were present. Results: Sthaulya patients exhibited the highest prevalence of Vikrita Kleda features, particularly Swedadhikya (100%), Kshuda Adhikya (95%), and Pipasa Adhikya (90%). Prameha subjects showed overlapping Kleda manifestations, indicating a shared metabolic pathology. Elevated serum cholesterol was predominantly observed in Sthaulya and Prameha, while BMI analysis confirmed severe obesity in the majority of Sthaulya patients. Other disease groups demonstrated localized or minimal Kleda involvement. Conclusion: The study validates Sthaulyagata Vikrita Kleda as a central etiopathological factor in Sthaulya and allied metabolic disorders. The observed correlation between classical Kleda features and modern laboratory parameters highlights the potential of integrative assessment in understanding disease pathogenesis and supports the clinical relevance of Kleda as a functional marker of metabolic derangement in Ayurveda

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayurveda, Kleda, Sthaulya, Prameha, Vikrita Kleda, Serum Cholesterol, BMI

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Otomycosis is a common superficial fungal infection of the external auditory canal, especially prevalent in humid and tropical regions. It is characterized by itching, ear fullness, mild pain, and thick whitish discharge, and shows a high tendency for recurrence. In Ayurveda, these clinical features correlate with Kaphaja Kar?ash?la. The present randomized controlled clinical study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of Gugguladi Karnadhoopan in comparison with Clotrimazole 1% ear drops in the management of otomycosis. The study assessed symptomatic relief, clinical improvement, and safety of both interventions. Results demonstrated that Gugguladi Karnadhoopan provided significant relief in itching, discharge, and ear heaviness, with good tolerability, suggesting it as an effective alternative therapeutic modality.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Otomycosis, Karnashoola, Karnadhoopan, Guggul

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This work presents an improved MobileNet-SSD framework incorporating two novel modifications: class-specific confidence calibration and adaptive non-maximum suppression (NMS). Experimental results demonstrate a 7.2% increase in mean average precision (mAP) on Pascal VOC benchmarks while maintaining real-time performance (31 FPS on CPU). The system particularly improves small object detection, achieving 15.3% higher recall compared to baseline implementations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MobileNet-SSD, Class Specific Confidence Calibration, Adaptive Non Maximum Suppression.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review paper examines the impact of new generation media, particularly social media, on body image, social interaction anxiety, and self-esteem. The widespread use of social media platforms has led to increased exposure to idealized and unrealistic beauty standards, contributing to body dissatisfaction and negative body image. The constant stream of curated images and virtual interactions can also exacerbate social interaction anxiety and decrease self-esteem, particularly among vulnerable populations such as adolescents and young adults. This paper synthesizes existing research on the topic, highlighting the complex relationships between new media exposure and psychological outcomes. The review identifies key factors influencing these relationships, including media literacy, self-esteem, and social support. The paper concludes with implications for interventions and strategies to promote healthy media use and mitigate potential negative effects on mental health. Furthermore, the virtual nature of online interactions can disrupt face-to-face communication skills, contributing to increased social anxiety and decreased self-esteem. This study aims to investigate the impact of new generation media on body image, social interaction anxiety, and self-esteem, and explores potential moderators and mediators of these relationships. The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to promote healthy media use and mitigate potential negative effects on mental health.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

New Generation media, social media, body image, social interaction anxiety, self-esteem, mental health

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project addresses the critical need for advanced structural analysis and design of high-rise buildings, focusing specifically on a G+20 multi-story twin tower structure integrated with connecting skywalks. The inclusion of a skywalk connecting the towers at multiple levels (4th, 9th, 14th, and 19th floors) adds considerable complexity to the structural behavior, particularly concerning load transfer and lateral stability under various loading conditions, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and seismic forces, in compliance with Indian Standard (IS) codes, notably IS 456:2000, IS 875, and IS 1893. The structural analysis and design were performed using software STAAD.Pro. The model incorporated twin circular towers subjected to detailed seismic and dynamic wind analysis. The analysis results demonstrated high structural integrity and confirmed the stability of the design. The seismic evaluation confirmed a highly symmetrical and regular distribution of mass and stiffness, evidenced by an identical Base Shear (Vb) of 23024.88 kN in both the X and Z directions. The maximum vertical displacement of Skywalk in (Y-Translation) is -7.624 cm (76.25mm) at Node 8 and maximum Horizontal displacement (X-Translation) is -2.86445cm ie 28.6mm Node 33. In conclusion, the design is validated as safe and durable, demonstrating that the structural system, including the integrated skywalk, can efficiently withstand extreme environmental and gravitational loads.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

High Rise, G+20, STAAD Pro, Skywalk.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Asthi Dhatu is one of the fundamental structural components of the human body described in Ayurveda and holds a pivotal role in maintaining bodily integrity and function. Among the seven Dhatus Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, and Shukra. Asthi Dhatu is the fifth and is primarily responsible for dharana, or providing support, stability, and shape to the body. Classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly Sushruta Samhita, describe Asthi as the hardest and most enduring tissue, persisting even after the decay of other bodily components and serving as the last physical identity of an individual after death. Etymological sources such as Shabda Kalpadruma and Amarakosha emphasize its hardness and load-bearing nature. Asthi Dhatu is considered a Pitruja Bhava, predominantly composed of Prithvi Mahabhuta, and is formed from the essence of Meda Dhatu through the action of Asthi Dhatu Agni. It provides nourishment to Majja Dhatu and serves as the primary site of Vata Dosha, with an inverse relationship existing between Vata aggravation and bone tissue integrity. The Asthi vaha Srotas plays a crucial role in the formation, nourishment, and maintenance of Asthi. Teeth (Danta) are described as the Upadhatu of Asthi, while Kesha(hair), Nakha (nails), and Loma (body hair) are considered its Malas, reflecting the systemic influence of bone health. This integrative review explores the classical descriptions of Asthi Dhatu, its Srotas, and related anatomical concepts such as Asthi Marma, alongside modern perspectives on osseous tissue. Clinical aspects including Asthi Kshaya, Asthi Vriddhi, Asthi Saushirya, and Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara are analyzed to highlight the relevance of Asthi Dhatu in contemporary Ayurvedic practice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Asthi Dhatu, AsthiVaha Srotas, Dhatu Agni, Asthi Pradoshaja Vikara.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigated the comparative effects of Cross Training (CT) and CrossFit Training (CFT) on speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. Thirty male players (aged 18-23 years) were randomly assigned to either the CT group (n = 15) or the CFT group (n = 15) for an 8-week training intervention. Pre- and post-test assessments included measurements of speed (30 m sprint) and explosive power (Sergeant Jump). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and two-way mixed ANOVA. Both groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the tested variables; however, the CFT group demonstrated superior gains in speed and explosive power of university-level handball players. These findings indicate that CFT may be more effective than CT for enhancing the multidimensional performance qualities required in handball.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Cross Training, CrossFit Training, Speed, Explosive power and Handball Players.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bureaucracy plays a central role in India's public policy process by acting as a crucial link between political decision-making and administrative execution. In a complex federal system, it ensures continuity, stability, and effective governance through its expertise, neutrality, and institutional capacity. This paper examines the significance and key characteristics of the Indian bureaucracy, such as division of labour, hierarchical structure, and a formal system of rules and regulations. The study highlights the role of bureaucracy in policy formulation, implementation, and analysis, emphasizing its contributions in policy advice, coordination, service delivery, monitoring, and evaluation. It argues that while bureaucracy remains the backbone of the public policy process in India, challenges like political interference and administrative rigidity affect its performance. The paper concludes by stressing the need for administrative reforms and greater accountability to enhance bureaucratic effectiveness and achieve sustainable policy outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Characteristics of Bureaucracy, Role of Bureaucracy in Making Policy, Policy Implementation, Policy Analysis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper tries to explore how eco label awareness affect green purchase intention with the mediating role of environmental concern and moderating role of green skepticism. The study followed a quantitative research approach. Through structured online questionnaires, data was collected from 454 Gen Z Consumers using purposive sampling method. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS SEM) has been used for analysis. The results indicate that eco label awareness significantly contributes to environmental concern, leading to green purchase intention. Moreover, green skepticism moderates the relationship between eco label awareness and environmental concern. Policy makers, businesses and sustainable marketers can improve green purchase intention of consumers through eco label awareness. However, they should work on reducing green skepticism by providing strong proofs to boost the purchase intention of consumers. The research identifies the dual effect of environmental concern and green skepticism showing that both work together in opposite direction. This is an addition to previous literature by providing more realistic way of analysing the behavior of consumers in the area of sustainability.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Eco label awareness, Green purchase intention, Environmental concern, Green skepticism, Gen Z Consumer, PLS SEM model

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sleep deprivation is a common health problem among senior citizens, especially those residing in old age homes. Age-related physiological changes, chronic illnesses, psychological stress, loneliness, and environmental factors contribute significantly to poor sleep quality among the elderly. Sleep deprivation adversely affects physical health, emotional well-being, cognitive functioning, and quality of life. Psycho-education is a structured, non-pharmacological intervention that enhances knowledge, coping abilities, and healthy sleep behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-education module on sleep deprivation among senior citizens residing in selected old age homes in Rajasthan. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test research design was adopted. The study was conducted among 300 senior citizens, selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic proforma and a standardized sleep deprivation assessment scale. The psycho-education module included information on sleep physiology, sleep hygiene practices, relaxation techniques, stress management, and lifestyle modification. The findings revealed a significant reduction in post-test sleep deprivation scores compared to pre-test scores (p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of the psycho-education module. Significant associations were found between post-test sleep deprivation scores and selected demographic variables such as age, presence of chronic illness, and duration of stay in old age homes. The study concludes that psycho-education is an effective, economical, and feasible intervention for improving sleep among senior citizens.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Psycho-education, sleep deprivation, senior citizens, old age homes, geriatric nursing

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition