Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Rapid urbanization and suburban expansion have driven a significant transformation in the spatial planning and social context of childhood, often failing to integrate Children's needs within housing design. This paper explores strategies to reshape child scale spaces in suburban housing, prioritising parameters like safety, individual exploration and community engagement. This paper also provides a holistic approach in the development of the child based on different age groups according to their needs.

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 Keywords

Child scale spaces, Safety & Accessibility, Re-creational spaces, Individual exploration, Community engagement & Social interaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, constitutionally established federal authority responsible for administering all the electoral processes in the Republic of India. Under the supervision of the commission, free and fair elections have been held in India at regular intervals as per the principles enshrine in the Constitution.

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 Keywords

political parties, election commission

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A revolutionary Web Application which will revolutionize the two wheeler servicing industry by online bike service booking with pickup and drop. Long queues, poor service transparency and booking woes are the usual pitfalls of a bike servicing. These problems are eliminated by offering a digital platform to register, schedule services, add more tasks, and pay online for the services and track vehicle online in real time throughout the service life. Customers receive milestone updates such as an e-commerce tracker, service centres receive revenue from automated request routing, real time status, and digital record keeping. Digital invoicing, multi-channel payments and ratings and feedback are user experience and trust. It connects consumers and service providers, ensuring openness, effectiveness and customer satisfaction for urban mobility. It is intended to scale and integrate with AI and IoT.

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 Keywords

Online Bike Servicing, Pick-up and Drop Scheduling, Real-time Tracking, AI-driven Scheduling, IoT Integration, Customer Satisfaction, Web Application, Service Automation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gastric cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to late diagnosis and the systemic toxicity of conventional chemotherapy. Oral anticancer therapy is often limited by poor bioavailability, short gastric residence time, narrow absorption windows, and drug instability in the intestinal environment. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) offer an effective approach to overcome these limitations by prolonging gastric retention and enabling controlled, site-specific drug release. This review summarizes recent advances in gastroretentive drug delivery systems for cancer chemotherapy, with emphasis on gastric cancer treatment. Various GRDDS strategies, including floating, mucoadhesive, swelling, magnetic, and expandable systems, are discussed along with the role of polymers and nanocarrier-based formulations. Recent studies involving anticancer agents such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, curcumin, and doxorubicin are highlighted. Overall, GRDDS show strong potential for improving the safety and efficacy of oral cancer chemotherapy.

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 Keywords

Gastro retentive drug delivery system; Gastric cancer; Chemotherapy; Floating drug delivery system; Mucoadhesive system; Controlled drug release; Site-specific drug delivery; 5-Fluorouracil; Capecitabine; Polymer-based drug delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Narcissistic abuse represents a distinct and severe form of psychological trauma characterized by coercive control, gaslighting, emotional manipulation, and systematic erosion of personal boundaries. Despite growing recognition of its clinical impact, existing assessment instruments inadequately capture boundary dysfunction the core mechanism through which narcissistic abuse operates. The present paper introduces the Empowerment & Boundaries Assessment (EBA) and Boundaries Enhancement Therapy (BET) as an integrated, empirically informed framework for assessment, intervention, and outcome evaluation among survivors of narcissistic abuse. The EBA is a multidimensional self-report measure assessing emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and relational boundary functioning, while BET is a structured, phase-based therapeutic model designed to restore autonomy, empowerment, and relational safety. This paper details the theoretical foundations, development, psychometric properties, administration, clinical applications, ethical considerations, and research implications of EBA and BET. Together, these tools provide a comprehensive, trauma-informed, and research-ready model for clinicians and scholars working in the field of narcissistic abuse recovery.

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 Keywords

Narcissistic abuse, psychological boundaries, empowerment, trauma-informed care, assessment, psychotherapy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Algorithmic trading systems operate in highly stochastic, non-stationary, and adversarial environments shaped by market microstructure, liquidity constraints, and strategic agent inter action. Classical quantitative trading strategies rely on fixed rules or parametric models that degrade under regime shifts and tail-risk events. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a principled framework for learning predictive signals, optimizing sequential decisions, and managing risk under uncertainty. This paper presents an in-depth study of AI-driven algorithmic trading with an emphasis on forecast-guided reinforcement learning and risk-aware optimization. We formalize trading as a constrained stochastic control problem, derive objective functions incorporating return, volatility, drawdown, and transaction costs, and introduce a hybrid learning architecture that integrates probabilistic price forecasting with reinforcement learning. We develop a rigorous experimental framework evaluating robustness under regime changes, volatility shocks, and execution frictions using reproducible market simulations. Results demonstrate consistent improvements of 25-40% in risk-adjusted returns compared to traditional strategies while maintaining bounded drawdowns and stable behavior. We conclude with theoretical insights and practical considerations for deploying AI trading systems in real-world markets.

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 Keywords

AI, Optimization, Trading , Machine Learning , Neural Network

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustainable agriculture and soil health management are increasingly critical due to rising food demands and environmental challenges. Traditional soil testing methods often involve expensive laboratory equipment, skilled personnel, and long processing times, making them inaccessible for frequent on-site monitoring by rural farmers. To address these limitations, this study presents the design and fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic device (?PAD) for the rapid, low-cost detection of phosphorus in soil. The device utilizes capillary action to transport soil extracts through hydrophobic wax-printed channels to a reaction zone. Detection is based on the molybdenum blue colourimetric reaction, where orthophosphate ions react with reagents to form a blue complex, the intensity of which is proportional to the phosphorus concentration. Results are quantified via a smartphone application, providing an accessible readout for immediate field decision-making. This portable platform demonstrates significant advantages in time efficiency and affordability compared to conventional methods, supporting sustainable resource management in precision agriculture.

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 Keywords

Phosphorus detection, Microfluid, Capillary action, soil Testing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Agenesis of vermiform is a exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, most often identified incidentally during surgical exploration for suspected acute appendicitis. Its clinical significance lies in its ability to closely mimic acute appendicitis, frequently leading to diagnostic and intraoperative dilemmas. This case report discusses a 29 year old female who presented with acute onset abdominal pain and vomiting for last 24 hours, clinical examination revealed severe colicky pain localized to right iliac region suggestive of acute appendicitis. Ultrasound of the same day reported a mildly inflamed appendix with diameter 6.6 mm, enlarged surrounding lymph nodes and no abnormality related to adnexa, reinforcing the provisional diagnosis. Intraoperatively, the appendix was not found at the converge of taenia coli. Further exploration of right adnexa reveled a ruptured, twisted, hemorrhagic ovarian cyst on the right side, for which right oophorectomy was performed. Postoperative management included broad spectrum antibiotics, aseptic wound care and radiological follow ups, leading to significant clinical improvement. The absence of the appendix obliges the surgeon to actively search for alternative causes of right iliac fossa pain, particularly gynecological conditions in females of reproductive age. Unnecessary caecal dissection may increase operative time and risk of complications such as serosal injury or postoperative ileus. When appendicular agenesis is confirmed and the underlying pathology is appropriately addressed, the prognosis is excellent, with no long-term adverse outcomes related to the anomaly itself. Awareness of this rare entity, combined with a systematic intraoperative approach and judicious decision-making, is crucial to prevent avoidable morbidity and to ensure optimal surgical management in patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of acute appendicitis.

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 Keywords

Agenesis of appendix, Appendicitis, Torsion of ovary, Caecal diverticulum, Appendiceal anomaly, rare case report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In reliability, a life time distribution can be characterized by the reliability function. In this paper considered a situation when stress follow mixture of weibull distribution to find reliability of a system. It has been studied when strength follow weibull distribution and stress follow finite mixture of weibull distribution. The general expression for the reliability of a system is obtained. The reliability is computed numerically for different values of the stress strength parameters.

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Reliability, Stress - strength system, weibull distribution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines long-term crime trends in India from 2001 to 2025 using National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data to analyze temporal patterns, spatial disparities, and institutional context. Using descriptive analytics, state-level panel regressions, and spatial mapping, the study evaluates trends in overall IPC crimes, crimes against women, and selected socio-demographic and justice indicators. Results indicate a sustained increase in reported IPC crimes, particularly after 2014, with significant spatial concentration in urbanized states and districts. Panel fixed-effects models reveal positive associations between crimes against women and overall IPC crime rates, while economic crimes show a negative association, highlighting reporting and classification dynamics. The analysis further demonstrates that urbanization and justice infrastructure capacity influence crime visibility across states. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, improving reporting mechanisms, and adopting data-driven policing strategies for effective crime prevention and governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crime Trends in India, Crime Statistics, Temporal Crime Analysis, Spatial Crime Patterns, Crime Data Analysis, Socio-Demographic Indicators.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition