Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

This paper examines the intersection of neurodiversity and artificial intelligence (AI) in English Language Teaching (ELT), arguing that AI can both enable and constrain inclusive pedagogies. While AI promises personalization, efficiency, and scalability, these benefits often rest on standardized frameworks that do not fully accommodate the learning pathways of students with dyslexia, ADHD, autism spectrum conditions, or other neurodiverse profiles. By reconceptualizing AI as a tool for inclusion rather than correction, this study explores adaptive, affective, and ethical dimensions of AI in ELT. It advocates for an approach that embraces difference, foregrounds learner agency, and redefines success in diverse ways. The discussion integrates perspectives from neurodiversity studies, educational technology, and applied linguistics to sketch a vision of inclusive pedagogies responsive to both human and technological complexity.

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Neurodiversity, Artificial Intelligence, English Language Teaching, Inclusive Pedagogy, Adaptive Learning

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In older adults, progressive aging leads to a gradual decrease in physical ability and balance, increasing the risk of fall associated injuries. This increase in fall accidents is due to the impaired balance in older adults. The study investigated the potential of engaging older adults in short term balance exercise to increase physical activity and balance. 44 older adults ranged between 65 to 75 years were randomly chosen and divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group practiced balance training for 3 days in week for 4 weeks. The balance training measure using of Berg balance scale (BBS) and Time up and go test (TUG-T) and lower limb Strength measure using of 30 seconds sit to stand test (STS). BBS, TUG-T and STS test were compare within group using paired T test and between group used independent t test. The level of statistical significance difference for all analysis was set at p value less than 0.05. this study indicates statistically significance for all outcomes in experimental group compare to control group so the study indicated that 3 alternate days/week for 4 weeks' short duration physical activity program effective on balance performance and strength in older adults.

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Physical activity, Balance, Lower limb strength, older adults

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The significance of nanoparticles (NPs) in technological advancements is due to their adaptable characteristics and enhanced performance over their parent material. They are frequently synthesized by reducing metal ions into uncharged nanoparticles using hazardous reducing agents. However, there have been several initiatives in recent years to create green technology that uses natural resources instead of dangerous chemicals to produce nanoparticles. In green synthesis, biological methods are used for the synthesis of NPs because biological methods are eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, uncomplicated, and highly productive. Numerous biological organisms, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, yeast, and plants, are used for the green synthesis of NPs. Additionally, this paper will discuss nanoparticles, including their types, traits, synthesis methods, applications, and prospects Nanoparticles are tiny particles with unique properties, classified into organic, inorganic, and carbon-based categories. They have been used for centuries, with ancient civilizations employing them in various applications. The surface characteristics and particle size of nanoparticles can be modified to target medications passively and actively. They offer numerous advantages, including enhanced control over the encapsulated chemicals' release kinetics, improved drug transportation through cell barriers, and reduced toxicity. However, nanoparticles also exhibit strong reactivity due to their small size and large surface area, which can lead to biologically harmful effects. Carbon- based nanoparticles, including fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, have distinct mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics. Silver, gold, and copper nanoparticles have also been extensively studied for their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The applications of nanoparticles are diverse, ranging from biomedical and pharmaceutical to environmental and industrial uses. Overall, nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize various fields, but their development and use must be carefully managed to mitigate their potential risk

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Nanoparticles, Serum protein nanoparticles, Gold silver nanoparticles, Magnetic nanoparticles

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Industry 4.0 represents the fourth industrial revolution characterized by the integration of digital technologies, automation, and data-driven decision-making in manufacturing systems. Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) manufacturing plants face challenges such as manual monitoring, quality variation, downtime, and inefficient resource utilization. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Industry 4.0 concepts and their application in PEB manufacturing. Technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, automation, digital twins, and predictive maintenance are reviewed based on recent literature. The study highlights potential benefits, implementation challenges, and future research directions. The findings indicate that Industry 4.0 adoption can significantly improve productivity, quality, and sustainability in PEB manufacturing industries.

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Industry 4.0, PEB Manufacturing, Smart Factory, IoT, Automation, Digital Twin

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Kamar Anusoochit Janajaati Kee Sanskrti Mein Nirantarata Aur Badalaav Ka Ek Samaajashaastreey Adhyayan (Chhatteesagadh Ke Gariyaaband Jile Ke Vishesh Sandarbh Mein)

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Kamar Anusoochit Janajaati Kee Sanskrti Mein Nirantarata Aur Badalaav Ka Ek Samaajashaastreey Adhyayan (Chhatteesagadh Ke Gariyaaband Jile Ke Vishesh Sandarbh Mein)

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The Nepali language, also known as Gorkhali or Khas Kura in its early stages, is one of the major Indo-Aryan languages of South Asia. Spoken by millions in Nepal and by significant populations in India, Bhutan, and the global diaspora, Nepali has evolved through a long historical process shaped by migration, political change, cultural contact, and literary development. This journal attempts to trace the evolution of the Nepali language from its ancient roots to its modern standardized form. The paper discusses linguistic origins, historical phases, influences from other languages, the growth of literature, and the role of Nepali as a national and transnational language. The study aims to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview suitable for academic reference. In Nepali, "Objectives of Evaluation" translates to ??????????????????????? (MulyankankaUddeshyaharu), and these generally involve measuring learning, providing feedback, guiding instruction, and judging the effectiveness of programs, all aimed at improving educational outcomes and accountability, as highlighted in various Nepali context studies focusing on learner-centered approaches and policy implementation. These objectives work together to create a comprehensive picture, moving beyond just testing to truly understanding and enhancing the educational process in Nepal.

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Nepali language, Khas Kura, Indo-Aryan languages, linguistic evolution, Nepal, history of Nepali

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Tourism, as a driver of socio-economic development, holds immense potential in the Indian state of Telangana due to its rich heritage, diverse cultures, and emerging eco-tourism destinations. However, the success and sustainability of tourism hinge on a skilled workforce that can meet evolving visitor expectations. This paper examines the landscape of skill development and training in Telangana's tourism sector, focusing on the policies, institutional frameworks, and public-private partnerships involved. Through an analytical lens and five case studies from different districts, the study explores the effectiveness of localised training programs and identifies key challenges and opportunities. Findings suggest that while targeted initiatives are helping uplift rural and tribal communities through tourism-linked employment, gaps remain in standardisation, scalability, and integration with long-term livelihoods. The study concludes with practical recommendations for enhancing training ecosystems to make tourism more inclusive and sustainable in Telangana

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Skill development in Tourism, Tourism training, Telangana, case studies, vocational education, eco-tourism, hospitality sector.

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Background: Complementary and alternative therapy is a growing area of health care. worldwide. It is defined as a "broad domain of healing resources that encompasses all health system, modalities and practices and their accompanying theories and beliefs, other than those intrinsic to the politically dominant health system of a particular society or culture in a given historical period." Complementary and alternative therapies are harmonious with many of the values of nursing. These include a view of humans as holistic beings, an emphasis on healing, recognition of the provider-patient relationship, which should be focused on health promotion and illness prevention. Both the physician and the patients have positive attitude towards complementary and alternative therapies and there has a marked increase in complementary and alternative therapies for users in India. One of the largest subgroups of complementary and alternative TheraPostgraduate Nursing student users are women in the reproductive age group and educated and employed women. Expectant mothers are keen to use complementary and alternative therapy because they provide a range of additional supporters for pregnancy and labour. It is the happiest moment for the mother when she conceives, but it become worst moment when labour pain starts & she suffers from anxiety & nervousness. There is recent development in treatment modalities, which is very helpful to the mother during labour. It helps to reduce the pain, lowers her anxiety level & makes her ready for the process of labour. These treatments are other than pharmacological modalities & known as alternative & complementary therapies. Within maternity care the use of complementary and alternative therapy is focused towards helping women to cope with discomforts of pregnancy and labour. Midwives are the professionals best placed to provide complementary and alternative therapy to pregnant, child bearing and newly delivered mothers and their babies. Thus, as primary caregivers, midwives should be aware of the range of alternative and complementary therapies that are available and should be able to advise women accordingly. Need of the study: Alternative system of medicine is the approaches to medical diagnosis and therapy that has not been developed by use of generally accepted scientific methods. Forms of alternative therapy included acupuncture, acupressure, and aromatherapy. Ayurveda, etc. Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly used worldwide nowadays. These groups of medical therapies involve a wide variety of methods that are evolved from health related theories and practices that have been developed outside the western bio-medical model. Many traditional systems are practised by individual cultures throughout the world. All of the systems are focusing on holistic care of the client. In this era the nurses have always been concerned with the client as a whole--that is, with the holistic person--they are increasingly embracing holistic healing. Nurses are learning how to become "healing" nurses and see themselves as "healers". Now the nurses are incorporating alternative and complementary healing techniques such as Massage, Imagery, Meditation, Acupressure, Art and music therapy, Breathing exercises, Biofeedback, reflexology, and tai chi exercises, therapeutic touch, prayer, humour, and others into their practice. The care in midwifery focuses on participatory and holistic approach, that it treats birth as a natural occurrence and supports a woman's choices. This encourages and motivates the client to make wise decisions regarding their own care. Many women choose alternative and complementary therapies during their labour process. They expect that it will give a positive outcome towards their pregnancy and following childbirth. Material and method: Pre-experimental The approach was used with one group pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted in the selected government medical college attached. Hospitals of Gujarat state the investigator used systemic random sampling techniques for selecting 40 samples. In view of the nature of the problem and accomplishment of the objectives of the study, Video-Assisted Learning on Alternative and Complementary Therapies was prepared for samples. A structure knowledge questionnaires and attitude were prepared to Assess the knowledge and attitude of samples. Content validity to the develop tools and Video Assisted Learning was established by 8 experts and necessary modification were made as suggested by them to checked reliability of the knowledge questionnaires and attitude Likert's rating scale by the test-retest method by using Karl Pearson's formula and the reliability of structured knowledge questionnaires was 0.96, and reliability of attitude was 0.86. Pre-test 01 03 Schematic diagram of one group pretest-posttest design. Key Post-test 02 X 04 Knowledge Attitude O1: Pretest knowledge of the experimental group on alternative and complementary therapies. O2 Post-test knowledge of experimental group on Alternative and Complementary Therapies O3: Pre-test attitude of experimental group on Alternative and Complementary Therapies O4 Post-test attitude of experimental group on Alternative and Complementary Therapies X Administration of video-assisted learning on Alternative and Complementary Therapies Result: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 12.47, the mean a post-test knowledge score was 19.12, the mean pre-test attitude score was 58.15, and mean post-test attitude score was 71.12. calculated 't' value for Knowledge and Attitude was statistically tested using paired test, it was found significant at 0.05(t39=9.77, t39=11.79). There was moderately positive correlation between post-test knowledge and post-test attitude (0.70) at post-test Knowledge mean score (19.12) and post test attitude mean score (71.12) at 0.05 level of significance. In the association there was no significance association between pre-test knowledge score with demographic variable and there was a significant association between pre-test attitude with demographic variable. There was a significant association between pre-test attitude score and Total Clinical Experience of Samples: The calculated value of chi-square (9.37) was more than table value (7.82) and degree of freedom (3). There was a significant association between the pretest attitude score and Maternity Department Experience of Samples calculated value of chi-square (12.38) was more than the table value (7.82) and degree of freedom (3). Conclusion: There was significant increase in the knowledge and attitude of the staff nurses working in Maternity Department of the selected Government Medical College Attached Hospitals of Gujarat state after administrating of the Video Assisted Learning on Alternative and Complementary Therapies Hence, it is concluded that video-assisted learning was effective in improving the Knowledge and Attitude of the Staff Nurses Working in the maternity department in Selected Government Medical College Attached Hospitals of Gujarat state. Key words: Alternative and complimentary therapies in term of knowledge and attitude among staff nurses working in maternity department of selected government medical college attached hospitals of Gujarat state.

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Alternative and complimentary therapies in term of knowledge and attitude among staff nurses working in maternity department of selected government medical collage attached hospitals of Gujarat state.

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Miswak (Salvadora persica) is a natural chewing stick that has been used for oral hygiene for more than 1500 years. It is widely used in many parts of the world for cleaning teeth and maintaining oral health. Scientific studies show that miswak has antibacterial, antifungal, antiplaque, antioxidant, and anti-halitosis properties. It helps reduce dental plaque, bad breath, oral infections, and promotes healthy gums. Miswak also stimulates saliva flow and may protect against oral diseases. This review summarizes the traditional use, chemical constituents, extraction methods, and pharmacological activities of miswak, highlighting its importance as a safe, effective, and natural oral hygiene aid.

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Miswak; Salvadora persica; Oral hygiene; Antibacterial; Antifungal; Dental plaque

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Aim: The study aims to find the Effect of Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) regarding clinical guidelines on phototherapy among staff nurses working in paediatric unit of selected Hospitals, Problem statement: Effect of Self Instructional Manual (SIM) regarding clinical guidelines on phototherapy among staff nurses working in paediatric unit of selected Hospitals, Maharashtra. Primary objective: To find out the effect of SIM regarding clinical guidelines on phototherapy among staff nurses working in paediatric unit of selected Hospitals, Maharashtra. Secondary objective: 1. To assess the knowledge of staff nurses regarding clinical guidelines regarding phototherapy before intervention. 2. To find out the effect of SIM regarding clinical guidelines on phototherapy after intervention. 3. To find out the association between posts test knowledge score regarding clinical guidelines on phototherapy and selected demographic variables of staff nurses. Method: Pre experimental with one group pre-test post-test design use for the study. It was conducted over 110 parents by using convenient sampling technique. Result: the pre intervention demographic variables of staff nurses were more or less similar revealing common characteristics. Further, it was observed that the percentages of knowledge (47.30%) on clinical guidelines on phototherapy among staff nurses were more or less similar before intervention. However, after an intervention, the percentage of knowledge on clinical guidelines on phototherapy was significantly increased from 47.30 % to 52.70 %. There was a significant difference (p<0.0001) between pretest and post-test knowledge scores on clinical guidelines on phototherapy. However, significant association (p>0.05) was found between knowledge on selected organ donation and age, gender, years of experience, qualification (higher education), designation. Findings of the study revealed that the self-instructional manual on clinical guidelines on phototherapy as a method was effective among staff nurses working in paediatric unit selected hospitals, Maharashtra. Interpretation and conclusion: From the findings of present study, it was concluded that the pre- intervention demographic variables of staff nurses were more or less similar revealing had similar characteristics. Percentage of knowledge and the mean scores of staff nurses were more or less similar before intervention. However, after an intervention, the percentage of knowledge and the mean scores of staff nurses with clinical guidelines on phototherapy were significantly increased. There was a significant difference between pretest and post-test knowledge scores. Thus, it was concluded that the SIM on clinical guidelines on phototherapy as a method of teaching was effective among staff nurse working in pediatric unit selected hospitals, Maharashtra.

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Keywords: effectiveness, Self-Instructional manual, Staff Nurses, pediatric unit selected hospitals

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