Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Facial Recognition (FR) is a technique that helps recognize people's faces and has wide applications. New methodologies based on computer vision, deep learning, and transfer learning have been used to perform face recognition. However, limitations still exist. This study proposes a comprehensive methodology that evaluates multiple Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and transfer learning-based models, including VGG16, InceptionV3, and CBAM-enhanced CNNs, us ing a Kaggle celebrity face dataset. The VGG16-based model achieved the highest validation accuracy (88.65%) and lowest loss (0.4267), while a custom CNN (256 units, 128x128) offered a balance of accuracy (85.13%) and compu tational efficiency. Challenges such as overfitting and computational cost were observed, particularly in regularized models. Future work aims to enhance generalization through data augmentation, hyperparameter tuning, and model ensemble techniques to address scalability and real-world distortions.

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 Keywords

Facial Recognition (FR), Deep Learning, 3D Face Modeling, OpenCV, LS-SIFT Descriptor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Tripuri community, indigenous to the northeastern Indian state of Tripura. Possesses a rich culinary heritage deeply intertwined with their agrarian lifestyle, shifting cultivation (jhum), and close connection to the region's biodiversity. Known collectively as Mui Borok, Tripuri cuisine reflects an organic, sustainable approach to food, emphasizing fresh, locally sourced ingredients with minimal processing. Rice serves as the staple, often accompanied by a variety of non-vegetarian and vegetarian dishes that highlight the community's non-vegetarian preferences, particularly pork, while incorporating fermented elements for distinctive tangy flavours. Central to Tripuri food habits is the extensive use of berma (dried and fermented fish), a probiotic-rich ingredient that adds umami depth to many preparations. Fermentation is a hallmark technique, preserving foods and enhancing taste in the humid climate; bamboo shoots (muya), abundantly available in the hills, are fermented or fresh and feature prominently in dishes like Muya Awandru (bamboo shoots with rice flour and berma) and Chakhwi (pork stewed with bamboo shoots, jackfruit, papaya, and spices). Pork is a beloved protein, seen in specialties such as Wahan (roasted or boiled pork), Wahan Mosdeng (spicy pork salad with chilies and herbs), and Gudok (a traditional stew of vegetables, fermented fish, and pork cooked in bamboo pipes for smoky aroma). Cooking methods prioritize health and simplicity: boiling, steaming, roasting, or grilling with little to no oil, resulting in nutritious, low-fat meals. Vegetables, wild greens, and herbs complement proteins, while spicy chutneys like Mosdeng Serma (pounded berma, tomatoes, chilies, and garlic) provide bold accompaniments. Beverages include Chuak, a traditional rice beer fermented for social and ceremonial occasions, symbolizing community bonding. Tripuri cuisine not only sustains the body but also embodies cultural identity, seasonal rhythms, and communal feasts during festivals. In an era of modernization, it remains a testament to ecological harmony, offering flavourful, healthful alternatives that continue to evolve while preserving ancient traditions.

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 Keywords

Bamboo Shoot, Fermented Fish, Berma, Rice-based Diet, Traditional Cooking Methods.

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Gender representation in foundational educational materials exerts a critical influence on students' perceptions of societal roles, leadership, and historical agency. This action research was specifically undertaken to analyze the extent of perceived gender bias within the Grade 9 History textbook utilized at H.K. Gidwani Cos. Eng. High School & Junior College (Mumbai) and to empirically measure the impact of a focused pedagogical intervention designed to challenge this documented imbalance. The study utilized an Action Research framework involving Census Sampling of a cohort of early adolescents (N=40 for Pre-Test, N=40 for Post-Test). A comparative pre-test and post-test assessment was deployed to capture shifts in both factual knowledge and critical historical perception. The pre-test established a clear baseline of pervasive textual bias, with an overwhelming majority of students (92%) affirming that male figures were more represented than female figures in their primary instructional materials. Following this diagnostic phase, a three-day intervention module was implemented, concentrating on historically marginalized female figures, including women in the Indian Constituent Assembly and lesser-known social reformers and freedom fighters. Post-test results demonstrated a significant and immediate positive impact on student attitudes and historical valuation: 78.4% of participants subsequently agreed that women's historical contributions were equally important as men's. Furthermore, 55% reported a direct shift towards a more balanced perspective on history. Despite the profound attitudinal shift, a critical finding emerged: 51% of students still perceived the physical textbook content as favouring men or remained uncertain, suggesting that short-term pedagogical correction struggles against the deeply entrenched authority of official curricula. The research concludes that while targeted instruction is highly effective at fostering critical thinking and historical consciousness, it must be strategically coupled with systematic, structural curriculum reform mandated at the policy level to achieve enduring gender equity in educational materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender representation, History textbook, Education, Curriculum analysis, Gender bias, Inclusive learning, Action research, Historical narratives

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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banana pseudostem, pectin extraction, biodegradable film, mechanical properties, barrier properties, soil biodegradation, sustainable packaging, agro-waste valorization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper critically examines the history, administration, and resistance of the Western Poligars under the leadership of Nelkattanseval during the 18th century. The Poligar (Palaiyakkarar) system formed a unique feudal-military structure under Nayak and later Nawab rule. Nelkattanseval emerged as a principal stronghold of Western Poligars, particularly during colonial conflict and resistance to British expansion. The study draws on primary sources, colonial records, McKenzie manuscripts, and scholarly works to narrate the socio-political trajectory of the Poligars, focusing on their martial traditions, agrarian control, and participation in the South Indian Rebellion. This work contributes to the understanding of regional resistance, indigenous governance, and colonial transformations in South India.

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Poligars, Nelkattanseval, Tirunelveli, Palaiyakkarar, Colonial resistance, South Indian Rebellion, Nayak rule, Nawabs of Arcot, British colonialism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Coscinium fenestratum, leaf explants, callus, antibacterial activity

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The paper aims to bring out the cultural significance of Lai Haraoba tradition -an annual ritualistic festival celebrated by the Meitie community. The study also highlights the socio and religious aspects of the festival. The main concept of Lai Haraoba is to please the Umang Lai ,which are the local deities ,through religious rituals,dance ,music indegenous games. The community seeks blessings for the community. The rich cultural heritage of Manipur as reflected in Lai Haraoba is discussed in this paper. The festival is usually celebratedin the Meitie lunar month of Kalen which falls in the month of April ,May before the onset of monsoon

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 Keywords

Lai Haraoba, Culture, Manipur,Umang Lai, Festival.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The wealthy Sheridan family is in midst of preparing to throw an upscale garden party at their estate as Katherine Mansfield begins her short story, "The Garden Party. Meanwhile, the family's daughter Laura Sheridan [Miss. Annie] is confronted with a moral decision discovered upon hearing that further down where they lived one of their neighbors had passed away during this event. Nevertheless, the Sheridans go ahead with the party and Laura is confronted by a profound social chasm between her privileged life and that of other people. Societies, social inequality -- the have-nots and perhaps even prison economy to name a few such themes that are handled in this story. So by showing instead of telling the author achieves a greater sense that suffering is both more solvable and less neat, ideally resonating in people with privilege who have never experienced such abuse (or at least not yet) as they now think through their motivations for compassion or derision.

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 Keywords

Death, social inequality, moral values, class, suffering, social chasm, escapism, obstructions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Grahani Roga is a disorder of Annavaha Srotasa caused due to Agnidushti and Dosha vitiation. It presents with altered bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, indigestion and systemic weakness, closely resembling Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The present case study highlights the effective management of a 60-year-old female patient suffering from Grahani Roga for six months using Ayurvedic oral medications, Pathya-Apathya and Panchakarma therapy. Significant improvement was observed in bowel habits, digestion, abdominal symptoms and sleep within a short duration. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of an Ayurvedic approach in the management of Grahani Roga.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Grahani Roga, Vataja Grahani, Agnimandya, IBS, Panchakarma, Pichha Basti ,Shamana Chikitsa.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of pharmaceuticals has revolutionized human health. A medication must be genuine and devoid of contaminants in order to be therapeutically effective. Detecting and quantifying impurities is crucial to reduce administrative risks because they can appear at several stages, such as development, shipping, and storage. Thus, a thorough pharmaceutical analysis that includes standardisation and authenticity is essential. Padmaka Agada is one of the Ayurvedic compositions that need to be analysed using contemporary methods. Hence, this study, "Pharmacological analysis of herbal formulation- Padmaka Agada from Sartha Vagbhata," aimed to conduct a comprehensive pharmaceutical analysis. The raw medications were authenticated and standardised after being acquired from a reliable source. The formulation was then made by combining the powdered raw medications. Physicochemical analysis was then performed, and the findings were documented. The organoleptic characteristics of the raw medications and the research drug satisfied predefined standards. The results of the standardization were consistent with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) norms. This study contributes to the accurate identification and standardization of crude medicine. These findings will be very helpful in standardizing Padmaka Agada.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Padmaka Agada, Pharmaceutical analysis, Standardization, Physiochemical parameters, Sartha Vagbhata.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition