Volume 10 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

In every country traditional medicine find foundation in magical or religious belief and considered as safe and free from undesirable side effect. Herbal products are not evaluated for purity and consistency of active constituent they also contain some contaminant. With the increased use of herbal products, the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine are being questioned. Recently some herbs show toxicity such as Glycyrrhizin glabra Linn, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, Allium sativum, and more herb. Adverse health effects linked to herbal products could be related to both the inevitable harmful effects of medicinal herbs and toxicities caused by adulterants/contaminants. The lot of evidence regarding the side effects of herbal medicine has emphasized the requirement for and importance of toxicity studies for herbal products. Toxicology plays a major role in the development of herbal medicines. Thus the safety criteria are important in development of herbal medicine for saving life of human. The present review focused on need of toxicological study and safety of herbal drug prior to used. The toxicity studies need to be done even plant have long history of drug usage or do not have any documented toxicity so they can lead some unrelated toxicity especially during long term treatment for chronic condition or when used as food supplement.

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 Keywords

Allium sativium, Glycyrrhiza glabra, herbal drug, herbal toxicity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Colonial education system, resistance, superiority, liberal ideas

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Improving the quality and usage of human resources, particularly education personnel, must be proportionate to the Internationalization of Higher Education, including English competence. The andragogy teaching and learning technique of the Informal English Community is an innovative attempt to develop the English language abilities of education personnel in facing higher education internationalization. This study specifically looked at the university's attempts to improve and optimize the role of education professionals in dealing with the internationalization of higher education by hosting activities in the form of informal English communities. In this study, the author uses applied research, which is one type of research that aims to provide practical solutions to particular problems, that this type of research is carried out with the intention of applying, testing, and evaluating the ability of a policy or program applied in solving practical problems. All stages of the research were carried out at the medical faculty, the most prominent faculty at a leading public university in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, namely Universitas Airlangga. The first stage was to design and implement program activities, and the second stage was to collect primary data with quantitative and qualitative methods. This applied research demonstrates that an English language training program based on the notion of an informal community designed using peer tutoring methods may minimize the rigidity of the learning process, reduce fear, and boost participants' willingness to participate in learning programs to improve English language abilities.

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 Keywords

English learning, informal community, innovative training methods, non-teaching staff, higher education internationalization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As a result of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination towards their minority population, the LGBTQ community often experiences higher levels of stress. 'Minority stress,' which encompasses not only discrimination, harassment, and victimisation, but also more internalised feelings like shame, could play a big part in LGBTQ mental health concerns and be linked to body image issues.This study investigates the relationship between body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and sense of belongingness amongst the homosexuals. Data were collected from 40 participants (15 males and 25 females). The participants completed a self-administered Google form, containing 19-Item Body Image Questionnaire by Bruchon and Schweitzer (1987), Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSE) by Rosenberg (1965), and Challenged Sense of Belongingness Scale by Fuchs et. al. (2021). Correlation analysis was performed. A significant relationship was found between body image satisfaction and self-esteem amongst homosexuals (0.79). A moderate correlation was seen between self-esteem and sense of belongingness (0.44). A positive yet weak correlation between body image satisfaction and sense of belongingness was found (0.33). Certain limitations and suggestions were also included at the end of the study.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Body image satisfaction, homosexuals, LGBTQ+ community, self-esteem, sense of belongingness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ecology, ecopoetics, historiographic metafiction, Green Postcolonialism, Marichjhapi massacre, postmodernism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Afghan-born American novelist Khaled Hosseini was noted for his evocative descriptions of Afghanistan. The Kite Runner (2003), A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007), And The Mountain Echoed (2013), and Sea Prayer (2018) are his major works His works are about Afghanistan's political unrest. For Adult Fiction, he received the "Indies Choice Book Award." Khaled Hosseini's second novel, The novel A Thousand Splendid Suns covers the lives of two Afghan women, their families, friendships, and ambitions for the future, set against a backdrop of three decades of political upheaval, and was inspired by a journey to Kabul, Afghanistan, the author's birthplace in 2003. A Thousand Splendid Suns seeks to draw parallels between Mariam and Laila, two female protagonists who struggle with political imbalance, social inequality, and oppression in their respective nations. Khaled Hosseini's literary style in A Thousand Splendid Suns is both sympathetic and disgusting. He sympathises with individuals who are burdened by the battle. He primarily does this through the use of two literary devices: symbolism and imagery. The central theme of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns is women's rights, particularly during the Taliban. Mariam and Laila were born into non-oppressive regimes. Mariam's execution at the stadium exemplified the inequity of her treatment. The research article explores the feministic side of the novel.

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 Keywords

Oppression, love, hope, women bond and gender role.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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AI, Healthcare, Machine Learning, Medicine, Physician, Augment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Hamatological changes as impediments in the fish Catla catla (Hamilton) exposed in the laboratory conditions (in vivo) due to the Dichlorvos an organo phosphate, both technical grade and 76% EC (Nuvan) are studied. The fish blood parameters studied includes erythrocytes (RBC), White blood corpscules (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit value (Hct & PCV), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpsuclar Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean corpsuclar haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of which the first four are analysed to determine them quantitatively and the last three are determined as by calculation. The RBC, Hb and HCt decreased whereas WBC increased and accordingly the calculated and MCV, MCH and MCHC are too varied. Due to the toxic stress the blood regeneration of components failed to function normally and to cope the toxic action leucocytes increased. The effects of the pesticide of technical grade and 76% EC (Nuvan) both in lethal and sublethal concentration had a significant impact and in total the metabolism is impaired hence the growth will be limited as the fish is for culture candidate species.

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 Keywords

Catla catla, Dichlorvos, Technical Grade, 76% EC Nuvan, Sublethal, lethal, blood, RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct or PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC..

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paper,we introduce the concept of fuzzy Supra Strongly Hyperconnected Spaces are studied. Finding the relations between fuzzy Supra Strongly Hyperconnected Spaces and other fuzzy Supra topological spaces. Illustrate the concept with suitable examples.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fuzzy Supra nowhere dense set, fuzzy Supra first category Space-, fuzzy Supra P-space, fuzzy Supra submaximal space, fuzzy Supra Hyperconnected space.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adjustment, General Intelligence, Gender, Undergraduate students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition