Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Malnutrition (undernutrition) remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, that has been fueled and sustained by insecurity, a dwindling economy in addition to the impact of climate change. This review seeks to discuss the various approaches in the management of undernutrition among children in the country with the view of providing up to date information and best practices on the subject. A review of databases like Google Schoolar, PubMed and Global repository like the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) was done to obtain information on the subject. The key outcome sought in the review were methods used by government, implementing partners (Community Based Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the United Nations), mothers/caregivers and researchers on the various approaches utilized for the management of undernutrition in Nigeria. The result showed that there are basically five approaches for the management of undernutrition in Nigeria. These include the Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) approach that targets optimum nutritional practices from birth to two years and beyond, Community Management of Acute Malnutrition which consist of community mobilization, outpatient care for the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) without complications using the Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), the in-patient care carried out in stabilization centres using RUTF, Formula 75 (F75) and Formula 100 (F100) depending on the condition of the child, and the Supplementary Feeding Program for the Management of Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) using Ready to Use Supplementary Food (RUSF) and Micronutrient powder in addition to counselling which targets children aged 6 -59months. The next approach is the food-based approach which targets children alone and involves the use of locally available food (Tom Brown) and fruits to prevent /treat moderate malnutrition, and the food-based approach for mothers (Porridge Mum) which involves food demonstrations and provision of quality food to pregnant and lactating mothers and their babies usually in humanitarian conditions and lastly the nutrition sensitive agriculture approach which involves the implementation of agriculture programs that puts "nutrition first" and involves the fortification of agricultural products and building the capacity of local farmers on best agricultural practices that are climate smart and ensure high yields of crops with high nutritional value to address the nutritional needs of the entire households and community. Factors reported to contribute to the sustained cases of malnutrition in Nigeria include poverty, insecurity, misuse and management of nutrition commodities, lack of knowledge amongst mothers and caregivers on the various approaches of managing undernutrition. There is an urgent need to come up with innovations and implements strategies that timely detects and holistically address malnutrition in Nigeria in order to actualize zero hunger in the country by 2030 (SDG 2).

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 Keywords

Malnutrition, Community Management of Acute Malnutrition, Food-based approach, mothers, caregivers, health workers, zero hunger.

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The right of self-defense, also known as private defense is a fundamental human right enshrined in Indian law. The right of private defense, permitting individuals to use reasonable force to protect themselves or their property from imminent harm. However, the legal framework surrounding private Defense in India suffers from several inadequacies that can leave individuals vulnerable and deter them from defending themselves against unlawful aggression. The laws relating to private defense in India are inadequate and need to be reformed. This paper critically examines the existing legal framework surrounding private defense in India, highlighting their limitations and inadequacies of law of private defense, consequences of these inadequacies and suggested necessary reforms. The reforms suggested in this paper would help to improve the laws relating to private defense and make them more accessible and effective. The study is purely based on doctrinal legal research that uses secondary sources.

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Private defense, Inadequacies, proportionality, reasonable, burden of proof.

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A study on a comparison of two systems based on different methods for calibration of current transformers at a number of different transformation ratio and power frequencies of 60 Hz and 50 Hz at the National Research Council (NRC) is described. The obtained discrepancies in ratio and phase errors are within a few ?A/A for small test currents and less for larger test currents. Current transformers are precision devices that scale high currents down to a value that can be easily handled by measurement equipment. To support CT application in revenue metering. A calibration service at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for laboratory-quality current transformers is described. A service provides measurements of the current ratio and the phase angle between the secondary and primary currents. Electric energy at current found in utility distribution systems relies on components watthour meter, voltage transformer, and current transformer 50 Hz and 60 Hz transformer can be calibrated at NIST for a range of the primary to secondary current ratios from 0.25A:5A to 12000A:5A.

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AC measurement, current transformer, current comparator, calibration, measurement uncertainty

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Planting density plays a major role in adjusting rice population structure, increasing yield and reducing cost. It has the potential to reduce labor costs, protect the environment, and increase rice quality, resulting in a major regulatory effect on rice growth and population structure, as well as altering basic seeding per unit area. An experiment on the effect of planting density on the growth and yield of Nerica-L-19 was conducted from August to December 2021 in Suakoko, Liberia. The experiment was performed using a randomized complete Block design with three treatments and three replications. Total field size was 56.4 m2 with each plot in the trial field segmented into 1 m x 2 m plots. Results revealed no significant differences observed for the parameters except the total number of panicles which showed significant differences from the means across different spacing. The plant height was highly correlated to grain weight and number of panicles. Thus, lowland farmers in Suakoko should adopt the 20 cm x 20 cm spacing for optimal yields in NERICA-L-19 leading to lower seed rated to occupy large hectares with the best output.

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Panicle yield, Seed, Vegetative stage, Reproductive growth

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Plant diseases that harm the leaves of the plants halt the growth of the plants themselves. Plant illnesses that are detected early and accurately may lessen the chance that the plant will sustain additional damage. The fascinating strategy required more effort, focus, and expertise. Plant leaf diseases are identified using images of the leaves. Deep learning (DL) research seems to offer a lot of promise for increasing accuracy. The significant progress and expansions in deep learning have made it possible to enhance the accuracy and coordination of the system for recognizing and valuing plant leaf diseases. It is a cutting-edge deep learning method for classifying diseases. An investigation was conducted into the efficacy of diagnosing diseases in plant leaves. The ResNet classifier is used to remove color, texture, and plant leaf arrangement geometry from the given photos. A few efficacy metrics demonstrate that the suggested strategy outperforms current methods with an accuracy rate concert measurements are employed to carry out these procedures. These metrics are used for analysis and to propose a suggested way. The phases of disease detection involve the following steps: image separation, categorization, noise removal, and picture collection.

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Residual Network, Biodiversity, Plant Species, New Plant Disease dataset

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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???????, ???????, ??? ??????, ????????, ???? (??????), ????????, ????? ?

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The efficient operation of electric motors is crucial in various industrial and commercial applications. Unforeseen faults in AC or DC motors can lead to system downtime, increased maintenance costs, and potential safety hazards. This abstract presents an overview of an intelligent fault detection system designed to enhance the reliability and performance of AC or DC motors. The proposed system integrates advanced sensor technology, machine learning algorithms, and real-time monitoring to detect and diagnose faults in motors promptly. Sensors placed strategically on the motor gather data related to temperature, vibration, current, and other relevant parameters. This real-time data is then processed by machine learning models, which have been trained on a diverse dataset of normal and faulty motor behavior. The fault detection algorithm employs a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques to identify patterns indicative of common motor faults such as overheating, bearing wear, rotor imbalance, and electrical anomalies. The system continuously refines its understanding of normal motor behavior through continuous learning, adapting to changing operating conditions and minimizing false positives.

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Keywords - Blynk IOT, Machin learning, Fault Detection, Sensor.

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The Bakery industries are suffering from quality related problems. These problems include produce items of international standards, low quality raw material, low product confidence due to lack of quality assurance systems and increased pressure from high quality and competitive products in the local as well as global market. [1] The proposed solution is to implement certain Quality Assurance (QA) systems such as GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points), ISO: 9000 and Quality Control (QC) activities in all their manufacturing processes. The main aim of this research work is to identify the major biscuit defects and their possible root causes to improve the quality of biscuits in order to be competitive in the local as well as global market. In this study, GMP (Goods Manufacturing Process) has been studied and two analyses have been done namely Pareto analysis and Ishikawa Cause and Effect diagram. Major biscuit quality defects have been identified by using Pareto Analysis and their possible root causes have been identified by using Ishikawa Cause and Effect Diagram. Based on the analysis of the collected data in the biscuit manufacturing Industry, 3 (three) major biscuit defects (burnt, pale and dark edge joint biscuits) and their possible root causes have been identified out of 8 (eight) defects. The identification of most significant and less significant causes among all the causes will be the research work for further study. This sort of work have left untouched due to lack of experimental setup, lack of resource and lack of some essential data.

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Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC), GMP (Goods Manufacturing Process), HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points), ISO: 9000, Pareto Analysis, Ishikawa Cause and Effect Diagram.

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Power quality in power systems is one of the most important exploration in the recent age, and numerous experimenters working in this area keep the ideal to achieve quality power. This paper presents power quality issues in power systems, especially in INDIA. It also includes the colorful causes of power quality problems, their impact, and preventative measures to break the power quality issues. colorful mitigating bias were used to break colorful power quality problems and some styles suggested perfecting the power quality. Different types of regulator and their specific operations are also presented. A mongrel APF nominee is also suggested to alleviate the harmonics in our power lines. Eventually, the paper is designed to give an overview of the power quality miracle in power systems and can be employed by experimenters working in the area of power quality. The power quality relates Tonon-standard voltage, current, or frequency divagation that fails or, disoperation of end- stoner outfit. The power quality can affect the performance of the electrical outfit. The electrical outfit may have to be batted for the poor power quality. Further, sensitive loads like ASD's may trip leading to fiscal and time losses to the assiduity. This paper discusses the power quality issues, their goods on the electrical outfit, and the styles to reduce them.

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Electric Power Quality, Power Quality goods, Active Pollutants, Interruption, Harmonics, Sag, Controllerless.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart city implementation is underway in India. Automating the tasks necessary to keep an eye on management operations and efficient resource consumption is the main goal of smart cities. Maintaining the cleanliness of the city and the manpower needed to do so is a key responsibility of city management. The administration would be able to more effectively organize and assign tasks to waste cleaners with the aid of an automated rubbish monitoring system. CNN is used to count the amount of trash and identify the different sorts of street garbage. Additionally, the system operates with great accuracy and efficiency. Incorporating the results into the street cleanliness calculation framework allows the municipal corporation to conveniently assign clean-up people by visualizing the street cleanliness levels.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Trash Cleaning, CNN, Deep Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition