Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Due to climatic changes, the marine planktonic system is affected worldwide, potentially causing a rise in the severity and intensity of harmful algal blooms. However, the lack of fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms behind harmful algal blooms, forecasting their future prevalence is challenging. There are viable concerns about the factors that influence the extension and initiation of HABs. To know the processes that control the growth of HABs, it is necessary to answer fundamental questions about the occurrence, extent, intensity, and timing in each system. In the past few years, harmful algal blooms coming from the unrestricted proliferation of algae occur often throughout the world's coastal water, causing significant ecological damage, toxic contamination of aquatic life, major economic losses due to decreasing tourism, and in some cases even human fatality. In many countries, according to numerous studies it is reported that algal blooms caused immense economic loss has their impact on fish and shellfish culture. Therefore, Understanding the correlation between rising water temperatures, nutrient cycling, and the emergence of harmful algal blooms is paramount due to their devastating consequences. The occurrence of bloom will depend upon numerous factors such as nutrient input, upwelling of water, flow condition, water condition (PH, turbidity), temperature and local ecology interaction of organisms within and with the environment. These blooms can inflict lasting damage on marine ecosystems, disrupt nutrient cycles, endanger aquatic life, compromise water quality, and pose a threat to human health and economies that depend on coastal resources. Exploring this connection is crucial for making reliable decisions on variations due to climatic changes, resource management, and environmental conservation initiatives. This guarantees that our oceans remain robust and preserves the welfare of both ecosystems and communities. Several factors influence the level of eutrophication of water bodies' flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and standing or flowing system, fast Moving water bodies require more concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen inflow aid to prevail in eutrophic condition, while gradually moving water bodies are more vulnerable to the effect of enrichment due to higher detention time. This study examines the influence of climate change on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), including changes in temperature, stratification, light availability, ocean acidification, and nutrient inputs. It aims to fill research gaps in HAB initiation and growth, recognizing their significant consequences on ecosystems and human health. Additionally, it investigates the influence of flow rate, retention time, pollutant concentration, and water system type on eutrophication, offering insights for mitigation and management.

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 Keywords

climatic changes, planktonic system, harmful algal blooms, coastal water, aquatic life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The presence of depression among any individual has been a serious problem in personal as well as public health. A large amount of people including students are suffering from the depression but not all are getting overcome by adequate treatment. This depression, commonly known to people by the word Stress is a psychological condition which reduces the amount of sleep and affects almost each and every aspect of life. Thus this paper is proposed to provide an effective method able to detect the cognitive stress levels amongst students using various techniques. Though not every stress is harmful, sometimes it can be used for constructive purpose; the high level of stress among the student generation can lead to adverse impact on them which cannot be useful for their personal development. Thus, it became necessary to study the techniques by which the presence of stress can be known.

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 Keywords

Keywords--stress detection,Depression,Classification algorithm,data.

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Hand gesture recognition has garnered significant attention due to its applications in diverse fields such as human- computer interaction, sign language translation, and virtual reality. This review paper presents a comprehensive survey of the advancements in hand gesture recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The utilization of CNNs, a class of deep learning algorithms, has revolutionized the accuracy and robustness of gesture recognition systems by enabling the extraction of intricate spatial features from image data. The paper delves into the key approaches and architectures employed for CNN-based hand gesture recognition, highlighting the evolution of model designs and their efficacy in capturing gesture intricacies. The review encompasses an analysis of various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and training strategies utilized for training CNN models. It examines the performance metrics commonly employed for evaluating these models, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Real-world applications, ranging from immersive gaming experiences to assistive technologies for differently-abled individuals, are explored, underscoring the practical implications of CNN-driven advancements in the field. Moreover, this survey critically discusses the challenges faced by CNN-based gesture recognition systems, such as dealing with varying lighting conditions, hand poses, and gesture complexities. The paper offers insights into future directions, including multi- modal fusion and enhanced real-time performance, to further improve the accuracy and applicability of hand gesture recognition using CNNs

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 Keywords

Hand Gesture Recognition, Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN Applications, Deep Learning in Gesture Recognition, Spatial Feature Extraction, Gesture Analysis Techniques, Human-Computer Interaction, Real-World Applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Data Security victimisation Image Steganography is Associate in Nursing art of concealment the very fact that communication is taking place, by hiding data in another information. The proposed system uses steganography technique to include more security to the information for the purpose of improving data security. Many different media file formats can be used for image steganography. However, digital images are the most popular because they are widely used on the Internet to hide sensitive data or confidential information in images. There are many steganography techniques, some of which are more effective. They have their own advantages and disadvantages. Different applications have different requirements for the steganography technology used, because, for example, in some applications, secret information may have to be completely invisible, while in other applications, larger secrets must be hidden news. This project is used to hide the message within the image. For a more secure approach, the project allows the sender or the user to select any BMP cover image with the secret text or the confidential text data and hide it into the image with the bit replacement, it helps to generate more secure steganographic image. The steganographic image is sent to the destination with the help of private or public communication network as per the choice of the sender like e-mail, whatsapp or any other medium. On the other side receiver downloads the steganographic image and using the software retrieves the secret text hidden in the steganographic image.

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 Keywords

Image Steganography, Bitmap, Least Significant Bit algorithm

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), is widely destributed throughout the world and belongs to the Fabacecae family. It is an old medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a traditional food and medecine. Fenugreek is known to have hypoglycemic, and hypocholesterolaemic effects. Recent research has identified fenugreek as a valuable medicinal plant with potential for multipurpose uses and also as a source for preparing raw materials of pharmaceutical industry, especially steroidal hormone. It is a rich source of calcium, iron and other vitamins. In this study after a general discussion of physio-chemical constituents. This review includes antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antifungal, anti-inflammatory , gastro protective, anti-cancer and to treat cardiovascular diseases. Also, different evaluation test for the Fenugreek plant.

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 Keywords

Methi, Ayurvedic, Antioxidant, seed.

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Land and water are two most precious and important natural resources for the survival of all living beings and agricultural development. According to survey conducted by Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC); North Karnataka and Coastal regions have been a declining trend in rainfall. The year 2023 is witnessed for 'Green Drought' which is generally a period when there is limited rainfall due to which there is growth of new plants, but the growth is frail. Karnataka experiences droughts when the southwest monsoon remains weak. Over last 2 decades Karnataka has faced 11 droughts, Drought causing severe stress to the masses and agriculture. The impact of drought can be grouped as social, ecological, and economic. Drought is a threat to wide range of man and living organisms and has a huge impact on ecology as well. Drought needs prevention and priority for sustainable future and betterment of the farmers. Water conservation is the best way to mitigate the drought and water should be used wisely with utmost care.

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 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Concept of drought, its impact on society and environment, strategies for mitigate.

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One of the important structures, which is prone to damage is water tank. Due to increase in urbanization, there are large numbers of elevated water tanks which are constructed. Therefore to evaluate the performance of elevated water tanks under seismic load is primarily important. The present study deal with evaluating the performance of a double Base Isolated elevated water tank (intze tank) is evaluated under far field and near field earthquakes. For the double base isolated water tank, the isolators are installed at bottom of tank and in the mid-way of staging. To typify the performance of double base isolated water tank, its seismic responses were also compared with the case of single base isolated (isolator at the base only) and fixed base counter parts.

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Base Isolation, seismic responses, isolators, mid-way of staging, fixed base etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Since time immemorial, one of the primary function of the state has been to maintain law and order and ensure the sustainability of justice. A plea bargaining is a contractual agreement between the prosecution and the accused upon receiving some consideration. This article examines the origin of the concept, its development and the attitude of the Indian judiciary towards plea-bargaining. Finally it provides a detailed information about the pros and cons of plea bargaining and the steps which to be included in the current justice system to make the improvement.

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 Keywords

Plea-bargaining, Criminal Justice System, Indian judiciary, Trial, Criminal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mouth ulcer is one of the common disorders caused due to variety of etiological factors. The two most common causes of oral ulceration are local trauma (e.g. Rubbing from a sharp edge on a filling) and aphthous stomatitis ("canker sores"), a condition characterized by recurrent formation of oral ulcers for largely unknown reasons.4 Ulcers are an open sore of the skin or mucus membrane characterized by removing of inflamed dead tissue. The mouth ulcer often caused pain and discomfort and can alter the person choice of food while healing occurs. The foremost common oral ulceration is Aphthous stomatitis. This review focuses on the causes of mouth ulcer and factors in charge of the mouth ulcer. There are various synthetic drugs which are available to treat mouth ulcer. As we all know herbal medicine is that the most stay of primary healthcare thanks to better culture acceptability, better computability with natural object and lesser side effects. And the literature also revelaed that there are various medicinal plants which can be utilized within the treatment of mouth ulcers. Therefore, this review summarises about the medicinal plants which could be used for the treatment of mouth ulcer as drug

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 Keywords

Mouth Ulcer, Herbal , Treatment , Stomatitis , Sores

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In recent times, the concept of human rights has become an essential part and important pillar in establishing a blissful world. Human rights require the protection of the very foundation of human beings, which is dignity and freedom. The significant role of human rights necessitates a detailed understanding of the concept of human rights, which can be grasped through its meaning, definitions, nature, and classification. The present paper explains the meaning of human rights and also analyses their nature. The paper also emphasized the clarification of the definitions of human rights. Besides, the paper also comes up with different methods of classification of human rights, such as on the basis of generation, on the basis of the nature of the rights, on the basis of the beneficiary, etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human rights, Classification of human rights, Nature of human rights, Generations of human rights, meaning of human rights

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition