Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

In this communication a comprehensive study of the dielectric properties of biological lossy dielectric at microwave frequencies is presented. Present paper concern with the theoretical and experimental investigation to study the dielectric properties of biological soft tissues using 'two point method' on X-band microwave bench.

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 Keywords

Biological lossy dielectric, microwave frequency, dielectric properties, two point method.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of weight training and resistance training on leg strength among triple jumpers. A total of forty-five inter-collegiate triple jumpers (N = 45), aged 18-22 years, were randomly assigned into three groups of fifteen each: Weight Training Group (Experimental Group I), Resistance Training Group (Experimental Group II), and Control Group. The experimental groups underwent their respective training programs for 12 weeks, while the control group did not receive any special treatment. Leg strength was assessed before and after the training period, and the data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the Weight Training Group showed the highest improvement in leg strength, with a mean difference of 8.95 (Pre-test Mean = 57.70; Post-test Mean = 66.65). The Resistance Training Group showed a moderate improvement with a mean difference of 3.55 (Pre-test Mean = 58.65; Post-test Mean = 62.20), while the Control Group recorded a minimal change of 1.00 (Pre-test Mean = 56.80; Post-test Mean = 57.80). The obtained F-value (12.62) was greater than the table value (3.16) at 0.05 significance level, confirming significant differences among the groups. Post hoc analysis further indicated that weight training was significantly more effective than resistance training and the control condition in enhancing leg strength. The findings conclude that structured weight training using free-weight, multi-joint exercises is superior in developing leg strength essential for the hop, step, and jump phases of triple jumpers. Resistance training, though beneficial, did not produce significant gains compared to weight training. Coaches and physical educators are encouraged to incorporate weight training protocols with progressive overload and sport-specific exercise selection to maximize performance benefits in triple jumpers.

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Triple jump, weight training, resistance training and leg strength

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One of the most pressing issues confronting India, a nation that is rapidly industrialising, urbanising, deforestation, and feeling the effects of climate change, is environmental preservation. Government laws and regulations are important, but non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have also had a significant impact on India's environmental initiatives. With a focus on their varied contributions at the grassroots and policy levels, this article explores the important role NGOs play in environmental conservation. In India, NGOs have played a critical role in influencing legislative changes, encouraging sustainable practices, increasing public knowledge of environmental issues, and encouraging public involvement in conservation efforts. Climate change mitigation, pollution control, water resource protection, waste management, and biodiversity conservation are all areas of their work. NGOs also serve as watchdogs, using legal action, such as public interest lawsuits, and campaigning to hold governments and businesses responsible.

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Non-Governmental organization, Legislation, Environmental protection, Waste management.

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The global automotive industry is undergoing a paradigm shift as it transitions from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). This evolution is not just a technological change but a critical response to the multifaceted challenges posed by climate change, fossil fuel dependency, and urban pollution. The accelerated development and deployment of EVs are being driven by significant advancements in battery technology, favorable government regulations and incentives, and a growing consumer demand for sustainable transportation. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources with electric mobility is reshaping how vehicles are powered, owned, and used. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the driving forces behind the rise of EVs, outlines the technical and infrastructural challenges impeding large-scale adoption, and explores future trends in the EV ecosystem. Drawing from current industry reports, academic literature, and case studies of leading global markets, the study offers a holistic view of how electric vehicles are likely to influence the economic, social, and environmental landscape in the coming decades.

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Why Electric Vehicles Represent the Future of Transportation

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Dental caries remains one of the most common chronic conditions among children globally. This study investigates the correlation between maternal knowledge and preventive practices regarding dental caries among mothers of primary school children in Sikar, Rajasthan. Conducted in March 2016, the study employed a structured questionnaire, rigorous statistical analysis, and ethical protocols. Findings reveal a moderately positive correlation between knowledge and practices, underscoring the need for targeted oral health education.

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Dental Caries, Effective Brushing Techniques, Correlational Study, Knowledge, Practice, Mother, Primary school, Children, Rural Community.

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Religion, originating from a Latin term meaning 'to connect,' has served as a fundamental force uniting individuals with each other and with a higher power. It has deeply influenced human civilization from its earliest days, evolving with social and cultural developments while continuing to shape moral and spiritual values. Central values include reverence for life, responsibility, and frugality, which together form the foundation of an ethical and sustainable lifestyle. This essay explores the origins and purpose of religion, the connection between religion and ethics, the moral and philosophical dimensions of religious belief, and the role religion can play in addressing modern challenges, including environmental ethics. For environmental ethics, the research emphasizes that protecting nature requires more than activism or hope; it demands a deep inner transformation and a new way of seeing the world. Besides, it draws various scholarly perspectives such as those of Martineau, Whitehead, and Radhakrishnan; it underscores that religion is not merely a set of beliefs but a guide for personal growth, moral behavior, and social harmony. Then the study concludes by emphasizing the need for a moral and spiritual renewal of religion in the contemporary world.

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Environment, Ethics, Faith, Morality, Religion, Spiritual.

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 Abstract

Vigat dashako mein murti kala ke badalte aayam

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Vigat dashako mein murti kala ke badalte aayam

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The playing ability of volleyball athletes is a multifaceted outcome influenced by a variety of physiological, psychological, and biomechanical factors. Among these, motor fitness variables play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of athletes. This research investigates the relationship between key motor fitness components--such as agility, speed, muscular strength, explosive power, endurance, and flexibility--and their predictive value on the playing ability of women volleyball players. A sample of collegiate-level women volleyball players was assessed through standardized motor fitness tests, and their performance was evaluated by qualified coaches using an objective rating scale. Statistical methods, including correlation and regression analysis, were employed to examine the extent to which these fitness components could predict volleyball performance. The results indicate that certain motor fitness variables, particularly agility, explosive power, and muscular strength, show significant correlations with playing ability. The findings of this study have implications for talent identification, training program development, and performance enhancement strategies in women's volleyball. This article concludes with recommendations for coaches and sports scientists on incorporating specific motor fitness assessments into routine training for optimizing player performance.

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Motor fitness, Agility, Explosive power, Muscular strength, Playing ability, Women athletes, Volleyball performance, Speed, Endurance, Flexibility

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Inclusive education focuses on providing equal learning opportunities to all students, including those with disabilities or from diverse backgrounds. Its goal is to ensure that every learner feels valued, supported, and able to participate fully in a regular classroom. It emphasizes respect for diversity, social inclusion, and the development of each student's potential. Teachers are at the heart of inclusive education. They are responsible for creating a welcoming environment, adjusting teaching strategies to meet varied needs, and working closely with families, special educators, and the broader community. Through their efforts, teachers help foster a classroom culture based on empathy, cooperation, and mutual respect. For inclusion to be effective, certain measures must be in place. These include curriculum adjustments, use of assistive tools, and the creation of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). Regular training and professional development are also crucial to help teachers support all learners effectively. Involvement from families and community networks adds further strength to this approach. However, challenges such as a lack of resources, large class sizes, and limited teacher training can hinder progress. Addressing these issues with better support and awareness is essential. Inclusive education is a powerful step toward equality and meaningful learning for every student.

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Concept, Aims & objectives, Roles of Teacher, Challenges & measures for adopting Inclusive Education.

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This article would like to show a blueprint of Sufistic culture by exploring their theory, beliefs and religious practices which spread out all the corners of Indian land in about 7th century A.D. onwards. The research employs Sufism is a popular sect which has developed as a separate mystico-philosophical or spiritual tradition of Isl?m, but not a separate religion like Isl?m. The study further recommends that Sufism is a process of the purity of heart and also is a process that amplifies unconditional love towards all classes of men. Many Sufi saints came into India by using both sea and silk routes from other countries (especially from Arabian and Persian) of the globe to preach the religious practices like Isl?m. In the course of doing this, the Sufi saints had to make some rules or directions i.e. Silsilahs or Orders for maintaining a good relation all over the masses. The study highlights each Silsilah or Order has several Khanqahs which mainly provide social service to all without any discrimination of caste, creed and religion. Thus the findings indicate that the Sufis have been building up a strong brotherhood and communal harmony among Indian people throughout the centuries.

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 Keywords

Brotherhood, Isl?m, Khanqah, Religious practices, Sufism, Spiritual, Silsilah.

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