Volume 13 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Phytochemistry plays a pivotal role in understanding the chemical constituents of medicinal plants and their biological activities. Phytochemical screening provides insights into bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides. These compounds contribute significantly to therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This review highlights the importance of phytochemistry, methods of phytochemical screening, and the relevance of medicinal plants in drug discovery and development.

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Keyword: Phytochemistry,Phytochemical Screening Phytochemicals Medicine, Extraction Methods.

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? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? '????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.' ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??. "???????????? '??????? ????? ??' ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? '????? ???? ????? ?????' " ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??-?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???. ??? ???? ? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??. ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ??????, ????, ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ??. ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? '?????????? ????? ????????' ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??. ???? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ???????? (????????? ??????????? ?? ??????) ?????? ??? ??. ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? '??????????'??? ??????, ???? ????????? '?????? ???????? ???:???? ?????????????' ??????, ??? ????? ?????? '?????? ????????' ???? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? '??????????'?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????-?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??. '????????? ???:??? ?????????????' ??? '?????? ????????' ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??. ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??.

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Forest fires, also known as wildfires, are uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly across vegetation, causing significant damage to ecosystems. These fires can be ignited by natural factors, such as lightning, or human activities, including agricultural practices and negligent behaviors. The impact of forest fires on the environment is far-reaching, affecting air quality, biodiversity, and the climate. One of the most immediate effects is the release of large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO?) and other greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Forest fires also produce harmful particulate matter and toxic gasses, which degrade air quality and pose serious health risks to both humans and wildlife. Biodiversity is greatly affected as fires destroy habitats, displacing species and leading to loss of flora and fauna. Some species may face extinction if their habitats are permanently altered. This study was based on an empirical research method. The data was collected within India by adopting the convenient sampling method and the sample size is 206. The tool used for the study is the structured questionnaire. The loss of vegetation also increases soil erosion, reducing the land's ability to retain water, which can lead to further degradation of ecosystems. Forest fires also disrupt the carbon cycle. Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing CO? from the atmosphere; when they burn, not only is this ability diminished, but stored carbon is released. This exacerbates climate change and alters weather patterns, potentially increasing the frequency and severity of future fires. In sum, forest fires are both a consequence and a cause of environmental degradation, significantly impacting air quality, biodiversity, and the global climate system.

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Wildfires- Fire ecology- Deforestation- Carbon emissions- Wildlife displacement

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David Dabydeen's novel The Counting House provides a compelling narrative that examines the historical phenomenon of Indian indentured labour migration during the 19th century. This paper delves into the factors that catalysed this large-scale movement. Economic, social and political conditions in India -- such as extreme poverty, exploitative caste hierarchies, and oppressed colonial policies -- acted as key push factors. Simultaneously, the allure of promised opportunities, financial stability etc. in British colonies served as potent pull factors. By focusing mainly on the push alternative, this paper explores how The Counting House not only reconstructs a significant historical migration but also interrogates the broader legacies of colonial exploitation and cultural dislocation.

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Counting House, Indentured labour, Migration, Poverty, Push factor

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The socio-economic, occupational, and educational changes in the Hasala community, with special reference to Shimoga District, would involve an analysis of the community's development and transformation over time. To understand these changes, we can break it down into three broad categories:

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Introduction, Socio-economic Changes, Occupational Changes, Educational Changes, Educational Changes, Key Challenges and Opportunities, Conclusion, Bibliography

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The sneaker market has evolved into a multi-billion-dollar industry, with sneaker prices often exhibiting significant volatility driven by factors such as brand, exclusivity, release frequency, and market trends. Predicting sneaker prices has become a crucial task for both consumers and businesses, as it can influence purchasing decisions, reselling strategies, and inventory management. Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown considerable promise in modeling and forecasting sneaker prices by leveraging historical data, product attributes, and external factors. This review paper explores the application of various machine learning methods.

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Machine Learning

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The Battle of Kohima, a decisive turning point in the Burma Campaign during the Second World War, is often remembered for its military strategies and geopolitical significance. This study, however, shifts the focus to the human dimension, examining the psychological warfare, power dynamics, and socio-cultural implications experienced by British, Indian, and Japanese soldiers, as well as the Naga people. Through a micro-historical analysis of primary accounts, it uncovers the psychological toll of war, hierarchical oppression, and shifting loyalties shaped by cultural and historical contexts. By exploring the use of propaganda, emotional trauma, and survival strategies, this paper provides a nuanced understanding of the conflict's impact on individuals and communities. It highlights the ways wartime power structures influenced both personal and collective experiences, offering insights into the resilience and agency of those caught in the throes of war. The study underscores the importance of documenting these narratives to deepen historical discourse and honour the human spirit's endurance in the face of adversity.

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Battle of Kohima, Japanese invasion of Nagaland, World War II, Naga people, British and Indian soldiers, Japanese soldiers, cultural assimilation, forced labour, psychological warfare, Bushido code, resilience and adaptability, and human cost of war.

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This research paper explores the effectiveness of remedial learning in enhancing writing skills among students, with a particular focus on rural learners studying English Literature at Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur. By addressing the challenges faced by these students, the study seeks to identify practical strategies to improve their writing proficiency and overall academic performance. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical research, the paper examines various remedial measures and their impact on students' writing skills. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from writing assessments with qualitative insights from participant feedback and observations. This dual approach allows for a nuanced understanding of how specific interventions influence writing development. Key remedial strategies explored include scaffolding, peer learning, and individualized attention, each designed to address the unique needs of students struggling with writing tasks. Scaffolding techniques provide a structured framework for learners, enabling them to build on their existing knowledge and gradually develop more complex writing skills. Peer learning fosters collaboration and mutual support, creating an interactive environment where students can share ideas and learn from one another. Individual attention ensures that each student's specific challenges are addressed, offering tailored guidance to enhance their writing proficiency. The findings of the study indicate that targeted remedial interventions significantly improve students' writing abilities. Participants demonstrated notable progress in areas such as grammar, coherence, and expression, highlighting the effectiveness of the remedial strategies employed. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of creating a supportive learning environment that encourages active participation and continuous feedback. This research has important implications for educational practice and policy. It advocates for the integration of remedial learning programs into the curriculum, particularly in institutions serving rural and underprivileged students. By prioritizing individualized support and collaborative learning opportunities, educators can empower students to overcome their writing challenges and achieve academic success. The study also calls for further research to explore the scalability and long-term impact of remedial interventions, paving the way for more inclusive and effective educational practices.

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Writing skills, Remedial, Rural students, Mixed Method.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The gig economy refers to a labour market characterized by the prevalence of short-term, flexible jobs rather than permanent, full-time positions. Instead of engaging in traditional regular jobs, gig workers take on temporary assignments or "gigs" in a wide range of fields, often facilitated by online platforms. This model allows workers to have more autonomy and flexibility in their schedules, while employers benefit from a workforce that can be hired on-demand, often for specialized tasks The gig economy in Kerala provides a wide range of opportunities for educated individuals. Kerala is the state with high literacy rate and has a significant number of college graduates. Many educated people in Kerala are increasingly seeking gig work due to its flexibility and the ability to supplement their income. The gig economy in Kerala for educated individuals is an emerging and growing space, driven by the state's high literacy rate, strong presence of tech-savvy professionals, and a culture of innovation. With an increasing number of people looking for flexible work arrangements, the gig economy offers a variety of opportunities for educated individuals to leverage their skills. These diverse participants create a fluid and flexible system where traditional employer-employee relationships are replaced by temporary, often task-based collaborations that are mutually beneficial, though with different levels of security and stability for workers compared to full-time jobs.

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Gig workers, gig economy, educated youth in Kerala, skilled youth, online platforms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Internet banking is about using the infrastructure for digital age to create opportunities, both in local & global market. In India a number of banks have either gone on internet banking or are on the verge of going for it. Internet banking system taking about his different from what was possible up to now -off line information or few limited services. This paper gives a diagram of the surviving exploration into the connection amongst trust and internet banking. In this paper analyze the level of trust for internet banking among various age groups and challenges too. And find out the ways to improve the functioning of internet banking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Internet banking, customer trust, information technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition