Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

India attained independence after a prolonged struggle marked by sacrifices of the countless freedom fighters who selflessly devoted their lives to the nation. Although the list of such leaders is extensive, the paper confines itself to a comparative analysis of two prominent figures- Mahatma Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. Both were leaders of exceptional stature and commitment, yet they represented sharply contrasting world views and ideological approaches. While their ultimate objective- the liberation of India from colonial rule was identical, the means they advocated to achieve this goal differed fundamentally. These divergent strategies and philosophies not only reflected their distinct ideological orientations but also at times generated intense debate and disagreement within the national movement. One such controversy centres on Mahatma Gandhi's and Indian National Congress alleged failure to prevent the execution of Bhagat Singh despite Gandhi commanding considerable moral authority and political influence with British Government. This issue has generated sustained debate among scholars and has also been examined in the present study.

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 Keywords

Divergent ideologies, Revolutionary, Non Violent Resistance, Colonial Tyranny, Controversy

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The Emotional Language of Space: A Study of Multisensory Design and User Perception in Interior Spaces examines how interiors speak to us emotionally through our senses. The study looks at visual cues such as color, light, and form; tactile qualities like materials and textures; olfactory signals through scent; and auditory experiences shaped by soundscapes. Together, these elements were explored to see how they influence emotions across different age groups and cultural contexts. A qualitative-first survey was conducted with 64 participants, using scenario-based prompts that asked them to imagine and describe how they would feel in spaces with specific sensory conditions--for example, natural sunlight, warm lighting, soft music, pleasant fragrances, or textured surfaces. Responses were examined using descriptive statistics and thematic interpretation to identify common emotional patterns. The findings highlight light as the strongest mood-setter: natural sunlight was almost universally associated with freshness and positivity, while warm light conveyed comfort and coziness. Sound shapes feelings of comfort, with noise increasing stress and soft music encouraging relaxation. Scent emerged as a subtle but powerful mood shaper, especially when matched to the function of a space. Textures also mattered, though reactions varied-- smooth surfaces were often seen as calming, while rough textures were described as either natural and grounding or uncomfortable. Most importantly, spaces where light, sound, and scent worked in harmony created the most positive emotional responses, whereas mismatched combinations caused unease. Age-related differences were also noted, with younger participants favoring brighter light and energy, and older participants showing more comfort with softer lighting and calming scents. The study concludes that interiors are not just visual environments but multisensory experiences. By weaving together light, sound, scent, and texture, designers can move beyond aesthetics to create spaces that feel emotionally supportive, engaging, and inclusive of different generational perspectives.

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 Keywords

Multisensory design; Interior spaces; Emotional perception; User experience; Color and lighting; Soundscapes; Olfactory cues; Cultural influence

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Adenoid hypertrophy is a common pediatric condition leading to chronic nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and recurrent respiratory infections. In cases with persistent or severe symptoms, adenoidectomy is often recommended; however, established non-surgical conservative management options remain limited. A 7-year-old male child presented with chronic nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections for two years. Clinical and radiological evaluation confirmed adenoid hypertrophy. The condition was interpreted as a Kapha-pradhana Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhi in Ayurveda. The patient was managed with a structured Ayurvedic treatment protocol consisting of internal medications, Nasya Karma, and dietary modifications for twelve weeks. Marked improvement was observed in nasal obstruction, mouth breathing, snoring, and sleep quality. Radiological assessment showed reduction in adenoid size. No adverse events were reported. This case highlights the potential role of Ayurvedic management as a safe and effective conservative management option for adenoid hypertrophy in children.

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 Keywords

Adenoid hypertrophy, Urdhva Jatrugata Vyadhi, Adenoidectomy, Nasya Karma

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Rajonivrtti is a natural, age-related physiological transition characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation, usually occurring between 45 and 55 years of age. In modern medicine, menopause is attributed to depletion of ovarian follicles and decline in oestrogen levels, leading to various vasomotor, psychological, urogenital and metabolic symptoms. Ayurveda describes this phase as Rajonivrtti, a Swabhavika Kalaja Avastha occurring due to Jara and progressive Dhatu kshaya. Although not considered a disease entity, Rajonivrtti is associated with multiple distressing manifestations primarily due to Vata dosha predominance and imbalance of Raja and Tama guna. Ayurveda emphasizes a holistic and preventive approach to ensure healthy aging during menopause. Management is aimed at Vata-shamana, Dhatu-poshana and enhancement of Satva through appropriate Ahara, Vihara, Rasayana therapy, Panchakarma, Yogasana and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa. Rasayana drugs help in delaying degeneration, improving immunity and maintaining physical and mental strength, while Panchakarma procedures-especially Basti-play an important role in correcting Vata imbalance. Yogic practices and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa contribute significantly to psychological well-being by reducing stress, anxiety and sleep disturbances. This review aims to compile classical Ayurvedic concepts of Rajonivrtti, correlate them with modern understanding of menopause and highlight the role of Ayurveda in promoting healthy aging and improving quality of life in menopausal women through a comprehensive, safe and integrative approach.

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Rajonivrtti, Menopause, Healthy Aging, Rasayana, Vata.

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Abstract Guru Gobind Singh Ji was more than just a story. One of Guru Gobind Singh's most exquisite compositions, Zafarnamah - A Letter of Victory, is a remarkable masterpiece that promotes moral and spiritual stability. It essentially emphasises that fighting isn't only about gaining control of territory and power--it's also for bringing change throughout human history. This is one of the biggest lessons that squeezed out from Zafarnamah -A letter of victory. The goal of the current study is to analyse Guru Gobind Singh's idea of good governance in the context of Sikh ethics and the teachings of his forebear Sikh Gurus, with a focus on Zafarnamah. Guru Gobind Singh harshly criticised the cruel, unjust, and cold-blooded Mughal emperor Aurungzeb in the Zafarnamah (a letter of triumph). He begged him to adhere to the Holy Quran's teachings and to treat everyone with fairness, compassion, and understanding, even non-Muslims. He wished for political leaders and administrative officials to be spiritually minded, enlightened, devout, truthful, virtuous, ethical, compassionate, altruistic, and responsible.

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Zafarnamah, Spiritual and Moral stability, Change, Vision, Governance

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Tuberculosis continues to be a significant public health concern in India, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations. This paper presents a detailed socio-economic, occupational, and geographical analysis of 418 TB patients in Arunachal Pradesh based on fieldwork conducted in 2021-2022. The findings indicate that students (47.36 per cent) and unemployed individuals (17.7 per cent) are the most affected occupational groups, while families dependent on small businesses and agriculture are disproportionately vulnerable. Nearly half of the TB-affected households earn less than INR50,000 annually, underscoring the correlation between poverty and TB. Furthermore, the study identifies a higher prevalence of TB in rural and remote districts, with significant barriers to healthcare access and transport. Pulmonary TB (82.53 per cent) dominates the case distribution, but extra-pulmonary TB (17.46 per cent) remains a considerable concern. The study recommends tailored, income-sensitive public health interventions to address the socio-economic and spatial inequities that shape the TB burden.

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Keywords: Tuberculosis, Socio-economic inequality, Occupational health, Rural health, Arunachal Pradesh, Pulmonary TB, Extra-pulmonary TB

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Astrological Critical Analysis of Major Unexpected Crashes in Indian Stock Market History

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Indian Stock Market, Unexpected Fall, Astrology, Planetary Positions, Market Psychology, Interdisciplinary Studies, Market Volatility, Investment Behavior

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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) form the cornerstone of quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring that medicinal products are consistently produced and controlled according to established quality standards. Compliance with GMP is critical for safeguarding patient safety, maintaining product efficacy, and ensuring regulatory approval across global markets. However, the pharmaceutical industry faces increasing regulatory scrutiny due to evolving guidelines, frequent inspections, globalization of supply chains, and rising concerns related to data integrity and quality culture. Regulatory agencies worldwide continuously update GMP requirements to address technological advancements and emerging risks, which poses significant compliance challenges for pharmaceutical manufacturers, particularly in developing economies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of GMP principles and examines the regulatory frameworks governing pharmaceutical manufacturing. Major GMP requirements, common compliance challenges, and inspection-related deficiencies are discussed in detail. The impact of regulatory non-compliance on product quality, business sustainability, and public health is also highlighted. Furthermore, the review explores future perspectives, including digitalization, risk-based regulatory approaches, and the role of advanced technologies in strengthening GMP compliance. This article aims to provide a clear understanding of current GMP expectations and regulatory challenges, serving as a useful reference for academia, industry professionals, and regulatory stakeholders.

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Good Manufacturing Practices, Regulatory Compliance, Pharmaceutical industry, Quality Assurance, Validation, Regulatory Inspection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study examines the impact of capital structure on the profitability of listed Indian hospitals during the period 2016-2025. The sample consists of 11 hospitals listed on BSE and NSE, selected based on revenue and data availability. Total Equity to Total Assets (TETA) and Total Liabilities to Total Assets (TLTA) indicate capital structure, and Return on Assets (RoA) is the dependent variable used to measure profitability. Control variables include Tangibility (TANG), Tax (TAX), Current Ratio (CR), Business Risk (BR), and Inflation Rate (IR). Panel data regression is applied to analyse the relationship, and the Hausman test supports the use of the random effects model. The findings show that hospitals keep a healthy balance between liabilities and equity. Liquidity has a negative correlation with RoA, while tangibility and tax have a positive impact on profitability. Overall, the results indicate that increasing profitability in the Indian hospital sector requires an ideal financing structure as well as effective asset and liquidity management.

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 Keywords

Capital Structure, Profitability

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