Volume 13 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

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Dementia, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant challenges for early detection and effective management due to its subtle initial symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial for delaying disease progression and improving patients' quality of life. This study presents a machine learning (ML) approach for the early detection of dementia, leveraging advanced computational models to analyze clinical, cognitive, and behavioral data. By integrating diverse data sources, including medical history, cognitive tests, and imaging biomarkers, the proposed approach aims to identify patterns and anomalies indicative of early-stage dementia. The study employs a hybrid machine learning framework, combining supervised and unsupervised algorithms to enhance prediction accuracy. Techniques such as feature selection, dimensionality reduction, and cross-validation are utilized to ensure robust and interpretable models. Algorithms including Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, and Neural Networks are compared to identify the most effective model for detecting early signs of dementia. Initial findings indicate that the ML approach achieves high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between healthy individuals and those in the early stages of dementia. Furthermore, explainable AI techniques are incorporated to enhance the transparency of predictions, fostering trust in clinical applications. This research demonstrates the potential of machine learning to revolutionize dementia screening and contribute to timely interventions.

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 Keywords

Dementia, Early Detection, Machine Learning, Neurodegenerative Disorders, Cognitive Analysis, Predictive Modeling, Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Diagnosis, Explainable AI, Medical Data Analysis

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This research examines the technological dependency of postgraduate students on their study materials, focusing on gender and geographic location differences. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 100 postgraduate students from Raiganj University and the University of Gour Banga in West Bengal. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through statistical methods, including independent samples t-tests. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in the technological dependency between male and female students (p = 0.279) or between rural and urban students (p = 0.176). Both groups demonstrated similar mean scores, indicating that technological tools benefit all demographics equally by improving access to resources, fostering flexible learning, and enhancing academic engagement. These findings emphasize the equitable potential of technology in higher education, highlighting its role in creating inclusive learning environments. The study provides actionable insights for educational policymakers and institutions to optimise the integration of digital tools, ensuring enhanced academic performance across diverse student populations.

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Technological Dependency, Study Materials, Postgraduate Students, Gender Differences, Rural-Urban Divide

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy provides a unique ability to detect and characterize complex chemicals in many industries, especially in medicine and pharmaceuticals, while reducing waste and reducing the need for extensive modeling or use of hazardous chemicals to minimize environmental damage. This review demonstrates the wide range of ex situ and in situ FTIR applications for species identification, characterization, and quality monitoring. The accuracy of ex situ FTIR spectroscopy in identifying impurities, monitoring crystallization processes, and modifying dosage forms can improve product quality, safety, and performance. In addition, its many capabilities, all based on green screening standards, have contributed to drug development, drug use processes, and quality control. On the other hand, in situ FTIR spectroscopy appears to be a new tool for real-time investigation of drug reactions and processes, monitoring drug release kinetics, crystallization kinetics, and surface contact, and provides valuable information. The combination of ex situ FTIR accuracy and in situ FTIR dynamic capability provides a comprehensive guide to green practices, quality control, and innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical industry. This review describes the widespread use of ex situ and in situ FTIR spectroscopy as a green medicinal chemistry tool in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. However, more research is needed to unlock the full potential of FTIR and develop new applications that will enhance sustainability in these areas.

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Finished Product; Purity; Pharmacopeias; Raw Material; Quality Control

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Children all over the world use smartphones for various purposes. Some children are seen talking to their friends for long hours, while others spend their time playing countless games on the phone. The internet is an abode of knowledge for children. Though the utility of smartphones cannot be debated, continued use and exposure can have harmful effects on the child. The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness of child-to-child approach through power point presentation on knowledge regarding ill effects of using mobile phone among (10 to 12 years) School children in selected schools. Methods: The research methodology adopted for the study was quantitative research approach. The investigator used pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design. The setting for the study was selected schools. Accessible population selected for this study consisted, 10 to 12 years school going children who are available during the course of the study. Sample size was 120 children selected with purposive sampling technique then sampling as per the inclusion criteria from the selected schools. The data collection was carried out in three phases and the data was analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study result depicted that, Majority 53% of samples were having good knowledge and 47% were having average knowledge. Mean score was 12.58 and 2.05 SD. In the present study, mean score in pre-test is 6.83 along with 2.56 SD. In post-test mean score is 12.58 which is more than pre-test mean score and SD is 2.05 which is less than from pre-test SD. DF is 119, T value is 21.43 and p value is less than 0.00001 which shows significant effectiveness of child-to-child approach through power point presentation about ill effect of mobile phone use. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the school going children had poor knowledge regarding ill-effects of using mobile phone during pre-test. But after providing them the information about ill effects of using mobile phones their knowledge is improved. Hence the child-to-child approach through ppt is effective

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child-to-child approach, power point presentation, knowledge, ill effects, mobile phone and School children

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The species Salmonella belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. They possess interesting phenotypic/genotypic characteristics, history, and nomenclature compared to other bacteria within and outside the family. The organism is what causes typhoidal salmonellosis (TS) and non-typhoidal salmonellosis (NTS). TS and NTS are serious diseases that affect people and animals in different ways and are important for public health around the world. The objective of this study is to isolate Salmonella from chicken samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility. This study reviewed the characteristics, taxonomy, nomenclature, and nature of Salmonella, as well as the confirmation and biochemical tests (indole test, MR-VP test, citrate test, antibiotic resistance test, gram staining, and ESBL test) for the identification and characterization of Salmonella. The study utilized baseline data and information from peer-reviewed journals, textbooks, and articles from international regulatory bodies. Salmonella exerts huge health and economic impacts due to their virulence or carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. To address these significant issues about public health, the availability of adequate information on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella and the establishment of adequate measures to control contamination and infection are needed. Samples were collected randomly and processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella.The study's data showed that Salmonella is a Gram-negative rod that doesn't make spores and is negative for oxidase, indole, urease, lactose, and sucrose. It can also live without oxygen and move around. Salmonella is the cause of NTS and TS in men and animals presenting enteritis, septicemia, abortion, and meningitis. Salmonellosis outbreaks have been reported from food, food products of animal origin, and animal contact settings with cross-infection between humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify types of antimicrobial resistance and their associated genes, isolated from chicken and beef and confirmed to be Salmonella, using standard techniques. Continuous research on Salmonella and salmonellosis should be carried out to contribute to the body of knowledge on the organism and disease and, ultimately, improvement of preventive/therapeutic strategies for the disease.

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Keywords: Food-borne disease, Isolation, Biochemical test, Drug-sensitivity, Antibiotic- resistance

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The GST on building materials has streamlined the taxation structure, which is imposed by the government. Construction employs around thirty million people in the nation, therefore a comprehensive GST is essential. It also adds $200 billion in assets each year. Construction operations are governed by the idea of Work. In the context of GST on the construction process, the term "works contract" is used. The works contract is a wide term that refers to all transactions relating to the construction of a project on a plot of land. It also includes the specifications of the suppliers of raw materials needed to finish any job. The GST on residential house building will include the cost of brick, concrete, paint, wallpapers, and plumbing fixtures. Taxpayers are only obligated to pay GST on under-construction homes, according to the 2017 CGST, therefore there is no need to pay GST on ready-to-move-in residences. Implementation of GST harms the construction and service sectors because of the increased tax rates. The tax rates on the number of items have increased in the construction business. In the service industry, there is also an impact. Customers suffer because they bear the entire weight of the tax rate. It creates a burden on developers and end consumers.

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GST, Construction service, works contract, end consumers, developers, Tax rate, pre gst and post gst regime

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This project presents a fault detection methodology for the IEEE 9-bus system using MATLAB and Simulink. The IEEE 9-bus system is a well-established testbed for studying power system stability and fault analysis due to its complexity and interconnectivity. In this study, various types of faults, including single-line-to-ground (SLG), line-to-line (LL), double-line-to-ground (DLG), and three-phase faults, are simulated and analyzed. The primary objective is to develop a fault detection mechanism that accurately identifies and classifies fault types, location, and severity within the network. The system dynamics are modeled using MATLAB's Simulink environment, leveraging the capabilities of the Sim Power Systems toolbox for power systems simulation. The proposed fault detection algorithm employs wavelet transforms and signal processing techniques to analyze the transient response during fault conditions. By examining voltage and current waveforms at critical nodes, the algorithm pinpoint's fault locations and classify fault types based on characteristic transient features. The findings of this research are essential for advancing the reliability of protection systems, as the early detection of faults minimizes system downtime and ensures stable power delivery. The project concludes with a performance analysis of the fault detection approach, illustrating its effectiveness and accuracy across different fault scenarios in the IEEE 9-bus model.

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Fault Detection, IEEE 9-Bus System, Wavelet Transform

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Romantic artists like Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley, and Keats were enthused in a variety of dissimilar ways by ancient Greece. Stephen Larrabee, in his conclusion pictures the influence of Greek monument on the Romantics, analyses the main thrust of English Romantic Hellenism that the Romantic poets "wished to emulate the Greeks in making great art from the circumstances of their time." In the Romantic age, it was taken for expanded that the logical and imaginative acquirement of old-fashioned Greece and Rome was one of the bedrock of Western background. The conventional world permeated almost every portion of life, from political institutions and theoretical analysis to technical scheme and the basic forms of construction. The ancient Greeks as well as the glory and splendor of the middle ages attract the imagination of natural thirst. Being an artist of romantic age Keats' attitude towards nature developed as he grew up in his poems and it was a temper of merely aesthetic delight, and analyzed pleasure in the beauty of nature. Romantic poetry aims at the large indefinite quantity expression of the individualistic. The poetry of Keats is not a vehicle of prophecy but matter-of-fact. It is for the sake of nature and truth and most of his poems are devoted to the theme of quest for beauty, love chivalry, adventure, glow of imagination, and pathos. Poetry is divinity to Keats and he takes on his own way of communication.

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Hellenism, conventional, imagination, communication, Beauty, Aesthetic Delight

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This systematic review investigates the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on neuroplasticity in individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Targeting populations with trauma-induced neurocognitive alterations, this review synthesizes data from experimental studies employing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electroencephalography (EEG), identified through PubMed and manual cross-referencing of relevant journals. Sampling primarily focused on clinical participants with diagnosed PTSD, using purposive methods to ensure relevance. Hypothetical projections suggest CBT's potential to mitigate symptoms by enhancing neural pathways linked to emotional regulation and cognitive processing. Observed results validate these projections, demonstrating significant neurobiological adaptations, including improved connectivity and structural changes in key brain regions. Implications highlight the need for comparative studies involving alternative therapeutic approaches such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and mindfulness-based therapy, as well as investigations into the combined efficacy of CBT with pharmacological treatments for holistic and sustained recovery.

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CBT, Neuroplasticity, PTSD, Trauma Recovery

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