Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The ancient Ayurvedic text Sushruta Samhita describes wound management in the Vranitopasaniya Adhyaya, emphasizing various herbal and oil-based preparations for effective healing. However, these formulations still require systematic scientific validation. This case study presents an integrative Ayurvedic approach for managing a chronic non-healing wound arising from an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A 58-year-old female presented with an ulcer on the dorsum of the right foot, characterized by mild pain, edema, and eczematous changes, persisting for approximately three months (90 days). The underlying condition was suggestive of AVM over the plantar aspect of the same foot, with a documented history of approximately 10 years, characterized by recurrent episodes of bleeding ulcers. An Ayurvedic treatment protocol was administered over a period of 90 days, involving daily wound cleaning with Betadine solution and daily dressing with topical application of Ropan Taila, ShodhanTail, Yashtimadhu Ghrita along the period. Oral medications included Yograj Guggulu (500 mg, twice daily), Sukshma Triphala Vati (400 mg, twice daily), Aarogyavardhini Vati (400mg, twice daily), Chandraprabha Vati (400 mg,twice daily), Gandhak Rasayan, Lohasav and Mahamanjishthadi Kadha (7 ml, twice daily). Clinical assessment were conducted at baseline (day 0) and subsequently on days 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. The treatment demonstrated marked improvement in wound epithelialization, reduction in exudates, and absence of allergic or adverse reactions, supporting the efficacy of ayurvedic medicines in chronic wound management.

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 Keywords

Non-healing wound, Arteriovenous Malformation, Ropan Taila, ShodhanTail, Yashtimadhu Ghrita

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Higher education institutions in Arunachal Pradesh face persistent challenges in delivering standard undergraduate syllabi due to unreliable electricity supply, limited digital infrastructure, difficult terrain, and dispersed student populations. While national policies increasingly promote technology-enabled learning, such models often fail to account for the realities of low-resource educational environments. This paper presents a practitioner-based reflective study of a low-cost blended learning framework implemented over two academic years across multiple colleges in Arunachal Pradesh. The framework integrates face-to-face instruction using blackboard-based visual scaffolding with asynchronous reinforcement through WhatsApp and peer-generated learning artifacts. Using reflective classroom observation and teaching documentation, the study analyses how instructional continuity, student participation, and inclusivity were sustained during recurring infrastructural disruptions. The findings demonstrate that blended learning, when redefined through low-technology and context-sensitive tools, functions as a resilience mechanism rather than a technology-intensive intervention. The study offers a practical and scalable model aligned with the objectives of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 for higher education institutions operating under severe infrastructural constraints.

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 Keywords

Blended Learning, Low-Resource Pedagogy, WhatsApp-Based Learning, Arunachal Pradesh, Digital Divide, NEP 2020

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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GST 1. O refers to the GST which was implemented on 1st July 2017. GST 2. O refers to the GST reforms which were implemented on 22nd September 2025 following the 56th GST council meeting, held on September 3, 2025, in New Delhi where the proposals like automated refunds, GST Appellate Tribunal, Simplified Registration, Place of Supply Rules, Simple rates of GST were approved. GST rates on 33 Life savings, Health Insurance Scheme, Essential Commodities, Education and Automobile products were reduced and the tax rate on luxury and sin goods was kept higher than previous tax rates. The study aims to find whether it will be beneficial to the consumers and producers. The study will also provide insight into whether GST 2. O will increase the domestic consumption of goods & services and collection of tax by the government. The research is based on exploratory research methods. It was found that GST 2. O will increase domestic consumption in future and business will expand due to easy compliances with GST 2.O, though it may have the possibility of short-term revenue loss for the Indian Government. In the long-term, the Indian economy will be benefited.

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GST 1. O, GST 2.O, GST rate, GDP, Sectors of Economy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Medieval Assam, especially under the Ahom rule (13th-18th centuries), witnessed the emergence of sophisticated ecological knowledge system embodied in its water management practices. Although the practice of tank & pond construction existed before, it was during the Ahom era that water management evolved into a well-organised & state sponsored ecological practice. The large artificial tanks constructed by Ahom kings & queens highlighted the Ahom's close relationship with nature & their understanding of environmental balance. This paper investigates the engineering & ecological wisdom embedded in such traditional water systems, their construction techniques & societal role & ecological impact -- long term environmental impact offering valuable insights for present day Assam, which is frequently confronted by floods, water scarcity & climate change.

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Ahom, Pukhuri, Water management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Companies make product for consumption. The main goal of the companies is to make the product available to the end user safely and undamaged. To product must be protected and safe during transport, storage and distribution, and must be in a good condition. The packaging not only protects the product but also helps with marketing, advertising and consumer information. Different products with their unique feature require different packaging methods. The product must move safely in the warehouse and in the production process. The packaging ensures the safety of the product throughout the process. Different products require different types of packaging materials such as plastic, wood, paper, metal, fabric, etc. Depending on the items or products to be protected, packaging components come in different sizes, shapes, and materials. Throughout the packaging process, most of the packaging materials are treated as waste. Due to increasing consumption, packaging waste accumulates everywhere. These wastes damage nature and affect human health. This paper is an attempt to explore eco-friendly packaging materials, their importance and importance for sustainable development.

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Ecofriendly Packaging, Packaging Material, Sustainable Development

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The Government of India, through the Ministry of Finance, Department of Financial Services, has implemented several programmes aimed at promoting financial inclusion, encompassing both banking and insurance services. The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana is one of the flagship financial inclusion initiatives, launched on 8th April 2015, and has completed a decade as of now. In the context of the implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, MUDRA Ltd., commonly referred to as MUDRA Bank, was incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary of SIDBI, primarily to refinance lending undertaken by financial institutions under the scheme. The annual reports of MUDRA Ltd. from FY 2015-16 to FY 2023-24 (nine years) are publicly available on the official portal of MUDRA Ltd. and provide detailed information on targets versus achievements related to loan sanctions and disbursements, region-wise number of accounts and loan disbursement, participation of women entrepreneurs, and coverage across General, SC, ST, and OBC categories. Given the limited availability of comprehensive decade-long evaluations of the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana based on secondary data from MUDRA Ltd.'s annual reports, a systematic assessment of its performance is hereby carried. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the performance of the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana by analyzing data reported in the annual reports of MUDRA Ltd., and to examine trends and patterns in loan disbursement and beneficiaries across regions, gender, and borrower categories. The study concludes that the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana has largely achieved its objectives, as evidenced by sustained growth in loan disbursement and beneficiary outreach; however, despite overall progress, regional disparities persist and on a positive note women's participation remains robust.

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 Keywords

(i) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (ii) Women Entrepreneur (iii) Mudra Ltd., (iv) Mudra Bank.

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Buddhism is one of the major religions followed in Southeast Asia. The Buddhist traditions of the Lao people possess distinctive characteristics arising from the integration of Theravada Buddhism with indigenous animistic beliefs, which have played a significant role in the way of life, society, and culture of Lao communities over an extended period. The concepts of the concerned spirits, such as household spirits, ancestral spirits, guardian spirits, ancestor veneration, and rituals for protection and prosperity, continue to coexist alongside Buddhist tradition in Laos, such as karma, the cycle of death and rebirth, and merit-making through dedication of merit. Alongside economic transformations, urbanization, globalization, technological advancements, and governmental regulations in the twenty-first century, several customs have been altered or are now seen as cultural heritage rather than adherence to faith. However, this integration still demonstrates the adaptability and flexibility of Lao Buddhism, which continues to play a vital part in preserving Lao society's uniqueness and cohesion. Furthermore, indigenous beliefs are interpreted within the moral framework of Buddhism, and Lao Buddhist monks frequently act as a bridge between ceremonies associated with animist tradition beliefs, such as the dispelling of misfortune. This article, "Lao Buddhist Tradition: An Examination of its Interplay with Animism and Changing Contours in the Twenty-First Century," focuses on the pre-Buddhist and modern amalgamations of Animism and Buddhism in Lao civilization. I will also discuss Buddhism in Lane Xang from the 13th century C.E. onward, making it the primary religion of the Lane Xang people and uniting all the sub-lands into one kingdom. Furthermore, King Fa Ngum, the first great king, and other Kings of Lane Xang, who patronized Buddhism in the land. In addition, I'll discuss the mixture of Buddhist tradition with other Laotian faiths. Finally, I'll discuss and analyze the interaction between Buddhism and animism in Lao society and examine the transformation of Buddhist traditions in the twenty-first century.

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 Keywords

Lao Buddhist Tradition, Lao Buddhist monk, Theravada Buddhism, Animal worship, Animism, Lao culture, Lao Tradition, Buddhist Festival, Phi cults, Social transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Now a days Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia, and suicidal tendencies present serious global public health challenges, especially among adolescents and young adults. Day by day more advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have driven the development of multimodal systems integrating diverse data sources: neurophysiological signals, smartphone-based digital phenotyping, social media content, and wearable sensor data. In this survey offers a detailed review of five recent studies (2022-2025) using multimodal, machine learning, and deep learning techniques for mental health detection and risk prediction. The survey studies for data modalities, methodologies, strengths, limitations, and research challenges. The future research directions are outlined to inform the development of robust, ethical, real-time AI-based mental health assessment systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mental Health, Multimodal Learning, Digital Phenotyping, Deep Learning, Anxiety Detection, Depression, Stress Detection, Survey

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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???? ????: ASEAN, ???? ????????? ?????, ???, Maritime Strategy, ??????????? ?????

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Solar powered Vapour absorption refrigeration system proves to be an environment friendly alternative when compared with traditional cooling system using CFC. They can also operate on low grade heat source. Ammonia being eco- friendly and high efficiency refrigerant is widely used various application. In this paper the exergy and energy analysis, of a 10-KW single-effect NH?-H?O vapor-absorption refrigeration system (VARS) powered by solar energy through a parabolic collector is presented. The system features a vertical generator (15-cm diameter, 82-cm height), water-cooled absorber, air-cooled condenser, and chilled-water evaporator operating at flow rates of 27.5-40 L/min. A comprehensive steady-state thermodynamic model was developed in Excel to perform mass, energy, and exergy analyses of all system components. The model incorporates heat rejection in the absorber and condenser, thermal load in the generator, evaporator chilled-water dynamics, and parabolic collector performance including useful heat gain and optimal-thermal efficiency prediction. Exergy analysis reveals that collector coupled with generator and absorber account for highest amount of exergy destruction. It provides a useful insights for solar assisted vapour absorption refrigeration system.

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 Keywords

Keywords- Solar absorption refrigeration, NH?-H?O working pair, Exergy analysis, Energy analysis, Parabolic solar collector, Solar cooling system, Chilled water temperature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition