Volume 12 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Abstract : Indian English Literature or Indian Literature in English has attracted a widespread interest recently both in India and abroad. It has come to occupy a greater significance in world literature. It is now realized that Indian English Literature and Commonwealth Literature are in no way inferior to other literatures. The writers in Australia, New Zealand, West Indies, South Africa, Canada, Nigeria and India have contributed substantially to the modern English literature. Fiction, having been the most powerful form of literary expression today, has acquired a prestigious position in Indian English Literature. It is generally agreed that the novel is the most acceptable way of expression of experiences and ideas in the context of our time. The Indian Fiction in English has been attracting worldwide attention. Though not a prolific writer with abundant humanism and leftist leanings like Mulk Raj Anand, nor a comic genius with artistic detachment and commitment to human values like R. K. Narayan, nor a creative artist with astonishing philosophical depth like Raja Rao, Bhabani Bhattacharya - one of the major novelists of the older generation of living Indo-English fictionists - is endowed with a transparently positive vision of life, explored and expressed artistically in all the five novels he has published so far. Since he believes that the novel should have a social purpose, his stories abound in social and historical realities, quite often bitter and gruesome, such as the Bengal Famine of 1943, the tragedies of the freedom struggle and partition, and the evils of poverty, corruption, ignorance, superstition, exploitation, greed, sexual perversion etc. But beneath them, there is almost always present the novelist's unflinching faith in life and its invincibility, indestructibility and worthiness.

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 Keywords

Bhabani Bhattacharya, Bengal, Bihar, English, Indian, Fiction, Literature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study aims to find gender differences in depression, anxiety and stress among college going students of three districts, Barnala, Sangrur and Patiala of Punjab. The study was delimited to 200 college going students (B.A./ B.Sc First Year) of Punjab. Data was collected by using Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (Dass-21) by Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). To find gender differences in depression, anxiety and stress among college going students, t-value was calculated. Results of the study indicated significant gender differences in depression, anxiety and stress among college going students. Female college going students are found to be more depressed, more anxious and more stressed than male college going students.

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Depression, Anxiety , Stress, College Going Students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The intricate web of globalization reshapes industries, fostering growth and innovation in some but also leaving scars of job displacement and environmental degradation. Market Expansion as lower production costs abroad and access to vast new consumer bases propel growth, boosting industries like manufacturing. Consumers worldwide benefit from increased efficiency and affordability. Cross-pollination of Innovation happens as collaboration between multinational firms and local talent sparks innovation, accelerating technological advancements. Think of pharmaceuticals benefiting from research in emerging economies. Niche markets thrive as increased competition incentivizes specialization, leading to the emergence of niche markets and highly specialized goods and services, offering both producers and consumers greater choice and quality. Globalization's impact on industries is a complex tapestry woven with threads of opportunity and challenge[ World Bank, "Globalization, Growth, and Poverty" (2002)]. Understanding its nuances is crucial for navigating the interconnected world and ensuring its benefits are shared equitably. Globalization, a multifaceted and all-encompassing phenomenon, has left an indelible mark on various industries worldwide. This abstract offers a concise overview of how globalization has affected industries across economic, technological, cultural, and environmental dimensions. It examines the opportunities and hurdles that industries have encountered in the global landscape and the strategies they have adopted to thrive in this interconnected world. Globalization has significantly altered industries by broadening market horizons, intensifying competition, and facilitating the movement of capital, goods, and services across international borders. To maintain competitiveness[ International Labour Organization, "World Employment Report 2023"] on the global stage, industries have had to embrace efficiency and innovation. Multinational corporations have harnessed expansive markets and cost-efficient production, while small and medium-sized enterprises have leveraged e-commerce and digital platforms to access global markets and the technological reforms brought. Globalization presents challenges, including heightened competition, intricate regulatory frameworks, and the need to navigate cultural and political disparities. Industries have reacted by forging global partnerships, investing in research and development, and tailoring their operations to local conditions[ United Nations Environment Programme, "Global Environment Outlook 6" (2019)] through localization strategies. Effective risk management and compliance with international standards have become indispensable for industry success in a globalized environment. The impact of globalization on industries is unequivocal, reshaping the economic, technological, cultural, and environmental landscape in profound ways. Industries must remain agile and innovative to seize opportunities and overcome the challenges presented by globalization, ultimately striving for sustainable and responsible growth in an interconnected global economy.

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Interconnectedness, competition, challenges, opportunities, market.

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Metacognition means "thinking about one's thinking". There are two aspects of metacognition: - reflection- thinking about what we know and self-regulation managing how we go about learning (Winn and Snyder, 1996). These processes, when combined, constitute an important element of education and growth. Strengthening these cognitive processes' talents entails not only being reflective learners but also learning specialized learning approaches. Some of the terminology that pertains to metacognition includes metacognitive beliefs, metacognitive awareness, metacognitive experiences, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive skills, executive abilities, higher-order skills, meta components, and memory retention. Being aware of how you think is what metacognitive awareness entails. Metacognition is the awareness of one's thoughts and strategies. It allows students to be more conscious of the things they are doing and the cause they are doing, as well as how those abilities they are acquiring may be implemented differently in other circumstances. The investigators in this paper try to analyze the metacognitive awareness of higher secondary school students. The metacognitive awareness scale developed and standardized was used by Gupta and Suman (2017) to check the metacognitive awareness of higher secondary school students. The study tries to find out whether there exists any significant difference in their metacognitive awareness based on gender, type of school and Stream among higher secondary school students. The investigators use appropriate statistical techniques like mean, standard deviation, and t-test for the analysis of the data.

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Metacognition; Metacognitive Awareness; Higher Secondary School Students

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Nowadays physical education is significantly valuable along with general education; physical education plays an important role in education of our future generation by teaching them how to acquire the ability to develop strength, speed, endurance and motor coordination from early youth. To find out the status of attitude toward physical education, an adapted version of Attitude towards Physical Education and Sports Seale (Demirhan, Altay, 2001) was administered on a random sample of 706 school-going adolescents. The results reflected that the young students exhibited their positive attitude toward physical education; again, both the male and female students revealed equal positive attitude. From the result it might be concluded that physical education was much popular among the young students.

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Attitude toward Physical Education, Likert scale, Physical Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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'I visited a diabetes awareness site and it asked me whether I will accept all the cookies, is that a trick question?' Well, when we talk about cookies, the first thing to cross our mind is a treat of chocolate and butter crunch. But in the virtual world, cookie is more than a dessert menu and have to be chosen carefully. We might have noticed that whenever we enter into a website it asks for permission to grant access to cookies, it is nothing but a tiny text file stored in the browser of our devices used for collecting our search or interest data. It remembers the interests and likes of the users. In layman's terms, it is a memory chip of the user's information about their likes and wants which uses the data to personalize the user's experience. The website uses the said data to regulate the advertisement of the products according to our interests. A device cookie known as the browser, i.e., the internet or web and also known as HTTP cookies, stores data related to the login credentials, or shopping list or web experiences, and cookies make the working and regulation of such data smoother by providing the exact data of the user's choice. But with the rising AI advancements also increases the threat of potential cookie problems. When we store our data or login credentials to a site then the data is stored in the browser which may also include the payment information, address of the users, passwords and etc. can be used cyber attackers and fraudsters and can infringe our right to privacy by unlawfully authorising such data. This paper talks about the types of cookies and security concerns faced in today's scenario. Additionally, it lays down the various legal aspect which is needed in improvement of cybersecurity.

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Digital data, cookies, data privacy, cyber security, DPDP Act 2023

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Environment tolerance, eutrophic ponds, algal growth, fish population etc

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Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a rare yet significant condition characterized by the unusual accumulation of methemoglobin, an oxidized hemoglobin form that compromises its oxygen transport function. This review comprehensively elucidates MetHb, surrounding its etiological factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic interventions. The review delineates the diverse causative agents of MetHb, spanning genetic predispositions to exposure to specific pharmaceuticals, chemicals and toxins, with particular emphasis on well-documented substances such as nitrates and aniline derivatives. Additionally the propensity of individuals with methemoglobin reductase deficiencies is discussed. The review further explores the genetic and acquired determinants contributing to MetHb, highlighting the importance of red blood cell metabolism and hemoglobin structure in its genesis. Clinical aspects of MetHb are expounded, ranging from asymptomatic presentations to severe symptoms, including cyanosis, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmias leading to circulatory failure in critical scenarios. Remarkably, children with congenital heart diseases and MetHb often manifest ambiguous oxygen saturation readings, accentuating the clinical complexities associated with this condition. Various therapeutic strategies for MetHb are scrutinized, encompassing the use of methylene blue, ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine. A relative analysis of these treatment modalities is presented, incorporating dosing recommendations and potential side effects. Moreover, recent advancements in research methodologies, such as Broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Photoacoustic Microscopy, are discussed for their contributions to comprehending methemoglobin formation and reduction in animal models. These non-invasive techniques afford real-time monitoring of methemoglobin levels, furnishing valuable insights into the dynamic nature of the disease. In conclusion, this review offers an in-depth exploration of MetHb, elucidating its comprehensive etiology, varied clinical presentations and evolving therapeutic approaches. The insights provided herein serve as a valuable guide for healthcare professionals in effectively managing this elaborate condition.

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Methemoglobinemia, Cyanosis, Co-oximetry, Plasmapheresis, Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy.

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The present study is an explorative analysis on LIS (Library and Information Science) Faulty members opinion on the information available on SN (Social Networking) Sites, that information is reliable, authentic. It explores the light on that personal information over SN Sites to what extent is secure or not. For data collection questionnaires are distributed to the respondent over different online media. The results show that nowadays SN Sites are one of the popular online media of communication, but information is not always secure and authentic.

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Bog, Wiki, Podcast, Facebook, ICT, Library Thing, Cyber threat

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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With the evolution of technology, digital art has emerged as a prominent form of artistic expression, challenging traditional concepts of creativity and ownership. This research paper delves into the legal frameworks safeguarding digital art in India and the United States, offering a comparative analysis of their efficacy and adaptability in the digital age. In the Indian scenario, the study evaluates the Copyright Act of 1957 and subsequent amendments, shedding light on their applicability to digital art and the challenges posed by evolving mediums and distribution channels. Concurrently, the research delves into the United States' Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and its effectiveness in safeguarding the rights of digital artists. This research paper presents a comparative lens to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each legal framework, considering the aspects such as copyright duration, fair use provisions, and enforcement mechanisms. This research paper examines the role of technologies such as blockchain and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in enhancing the protection and provenance of digital artworks by scrutinizing landmark legal cases and recent developments. Further, this research paper attempts to contribute to the discourse on digital art protection, offering a comprehensive analysis in both India and the United States, fostering a conducive environment for the flourishing digital art landscape in the global arena.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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NFTs, Digital Art, Copyright Act 1957, Blockchain, DMCA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition