Volume 8 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

In biological and medical sciences, the statistical tools for the collection, presentation and analysis of observed facts relating to the causes and incidence of diseases and the result obtained from the use of various drugs and medicines are of great importance. The information on early and indigenous medicinal uses of plants in India is vast and widely scattered. Though intensive Ethno � botanical work has been done only in a small part of our country, Srivastava et al., 1980; Gupta, 1981a; Shah, 1982 etc. Singh and Pandey, 1980 have described the use of some medicinal plants among tribal of Eastern Rajasthan. Ethno � botanical studies directed to specific tribal societies have also been undertaken in several parts of our country (Srivastava et. al., 1981; Maheshwari et. al. 1982; Dam and Hajra, 1981). In our paper, a sincere attempt in this regard for the welfare of Human beings where / root latex of Calotropis procera (ASCLEPIADACEAE) has been taken into account. The result obtained from the antiulcer activity parameters were subjected for determining intergroup differences, each parameter was analyzed separately and presented through graphs.

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Calatropis procera, antiulcer activity, latex, Ethno � Botany

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Motivation is those factors that energize teachers to remain interested in and committed to the job of teaching and to the goal of maximizing student learning (Chandra, 2015). The dreary records of student achievements in the country imply low teacher motivation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the studies that look into the issues concerning teacher motivation and mitigating interventions suggested. In the paper, we found that there is a clear inclination in the literature to use monetary incentives to improve teacher motivation. The paper explores some of these interventions. It highlights the drawbacks of these borrowed interventions and the limitations to their applicability in the Indian context. The review goes beyond the conventional studies to explore the efficacy of professional and intrinsic motivation derived from non monetary incentives. We find that intrinsic motivators are as relevant as the extrinsic motivators and might even be more pertinent in the Indian context

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Conventional and non conventional motivators, Absenteeism, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivators

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India is basically an agricultural economy giving employment to more than 60 per cent of population contributes one fourth of the GDP. Disguised unemployment is the major type of unemployment exists in agricultural sector. The per capita availability of land is low which is a major hurdle to large scale farming resulting low productivity in agriculture. Lack of sufficient infrastructure in agriculture and changing food habits of the people demanding an organised institutional frame work in agricultural sector. To some extent cooperatives are functioning well. But it is not reducing the unemployment problem in agriculture. Contract farming is also successful in some areas. A judicious mix of these two are necessary in agricultural sector not only to reduce problems in agriculture but also to meet the needs of the society. In this research paper I have discussed the performance of cooperatives and contract farming and examined new agricultural policy of government of India.

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COOPERATIVE FARMING VERSES CONTRACT FARMING IN INDIA

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Literacy is considered to be an extremely important measure for bringing about equitable, sustainable development in a society and for this attainment of female literacy and female education is imperative. This paper highlights the differentials in the female literacy rate across the rural and urban areas among various districts of West Bengal for 2001-2011. It also throws light on the inter district disparity in the levels of female literacy between the rural and the urban counterparts and it also brings forth the gap in the differentials in the male-female literacy rate. This paper is divided into four sections, section one discusses the total literacy rate and female literacy rate, literacy rate in the urban and rural among the various districts of West Bengal for 2001- 2011. The second section discusses the male- female differential index among the various districts of West Bengal for both the years. The third section comparatively analyses the urban- rural differential index among the total and female population for both the years. The fourth section analyses the differences between the two years and tries to bring forth the possible reason for the changes. The data presented in the paper is obtained from the census record.

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Female literacy, male-female differential index, rural-urban differentials, sustainable development goals, district wise differentiation

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With the ever growing increase in the technological revolution in our world , with these opportunities comes the threat of the cyber world. The aim of this study is to understand the types of cybercrimes and cyber-attacks in India. The Information Technology Act has had a significant impact on dealings with crimes related to the cyber / virtual world. The cyber crime rate in India has been increasing. To understand cybercrime, an understanding of the types of cyber crimes is crucial. The preventive measures are necessary to safeguard against the nature of these crimes. It is important to undertake preventive measures and safeguard yourself beforehand and be aware of these types of crimes. The basic measure to prevent cybercrime are to ensure regular computer updates, keep strong passwords and to avoid using public wifi networks

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Cyber Crime, Cyber Crime Types, Cyber Attacks

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This research paper provides a comprehensive description of Khizr Hayat Tiwana�s role in the Punjab Politics. Also examines briefly the settlement of the Tiwana in Kalra estate of Punjab Province with his emergence in the political field in detail. The Unionist Party had been enjoying unparalleled and unrivaled pinnacles of popularity with strong power base in the British Punjab since its inception. Further this article delineates the fall of the Unionist Party in the Punjab and gives a detailed account about how it started waning in apolitical hands of Khizr Hayat after Sir Sikandar�s death. This study chiefly encapsulates the incipient role of Khizr Hayat as a Minister of Public Works in Sikandar�s cabinet and later as a Premier of the British Punjab. It further traces the Muslim League�s disgraceful fall in the provincial elections of 1937 and later its revival under the magnetic and charismatic leadership of Jinnah during the elections of 1946. Moreover, it discloses how the British Government deluded Khizr and devastated his political career for their vested interests in general, incompetent and shortsighted a political approach of Khizr in the arena of the Punjab Politics in particular. The failure of Khizr-Jinnah talks along with his expulsion from the Punjab Muslim League has been discussed extensively. In addition to this, it sheds light on how Khizr Hayat Tiwana was sandwiched between the tactful British Government and crafty Jinnah that marked his downfall in the Punjab Politics

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Khizr Tiwana, Punjab Politics, Muslim League, British Government, Jinnah, Premier

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Privacy and confidentiality are in our DNA, which is why our software is designed with end-to - end encryption. Your texts, images, recordings, voice messages, notes, status changes and calls are prevented from falling into the wrong hands while encoded end-to - end.When you communicate with another person using a chatbox, end-to - end encryption is used. End-to - end encryption means that only you and the person you talk with can read or listen to what is received, and no one in between, not even a chatbox. This is because the messages are encrypted with a lock with end-to - end encryption, and only the receiver and you have the special key needed to decrypt and read them. Much of this occurs automatically: no special configurations need to be switched on to encrypt your posts.

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Encryption,RSA,Public Key,Private Key

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Fluctuation in different abiotic and biotic factors of aquatic ecosystems at different hours of the day irrespective of day and night is known as 'diel cycle'. Diel cycle refers to the events that recur at 24 hours intervals or less, irrespective of day and nignt. Diurnal studies of water bodies given an idea about succesional changes in the physico - chemical parameters as well as biological spectrum of the water reservoir at different hours of the day. Diel cycle of some abiotic factores of Talla pond, Sukhjora,Ranishwar, Dumka,Jharkhand was assessed during summer season in the year 2012-2013. Maximum air temperature was found to be 29.60c at 3.00pm. and minimum 25.40c at 3:00am in summer water tempereture of pond flutuated in between at 26.20c at 3:00am. To 29 at 3:00pm pH ranged between7.2 to 7.5 Lowest dissolved oxygen (D02) .48 ppm was recorded at 3:00am and highest 4ppm at 3:00pm. Minimum amount 26ppm of free carbon dioxide (FC02) was analysde at 3:00am and maximum32ppm at 11:00pm. Carbonate (C03)alkalinity remainded completely absent throughout the entire period of diurnal study. Bicarbonate(HC03) varied from 242ppm at 7:00pm to 280ppm at 7:00am

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We have studied Fuzzy games and have considered a model of game in which the limits of the classical concept of an N-person game are eliminated. We have considered the exchanges of information between N-persons who can emit their information individually or together. If two are more parents emit their information in correlated manner, we have formed a coalition in a given come. Each of which is a statue which defines the rights and duties of a member of this coalitions. be the set of players. To become a member of given coalition a player i must define its attitude concerning the statue S of the coalition. If i accepts completely the statue S, becomes a rightful member of the coalition. In this case we say that the grade of membership of i to the given coalition is 1 otherwise 0 in refusal. In a classical N-person game, only these two alternative of coalitions are possible. A partial acceptance of S is also possible, the grade of membership in the coalition of players i who accepts partially in a coalitional manner the statue S of the coalition be a number in . Hence if S is given then there exists a fuzzy set A so that A(i) is the grade of acceptance i for S. So mathematically fuzzy set A is exactly the coalition with S. In a classical N-person game, a coalition structure is a relation of equivalence over J. But in a game with fuzzy coalitions, it can be represented as a fuzzy binary relation R, where is a possible coalition of the game and is the grade of the intensity of the collaboration of the player i and j in making the decisions in the game

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 Keywords

Fuzzy games, exchange, coalition, player, fuzzy binary relation

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The industrial sector today consumes approximately 35% of the total electricity generated in the country. Timber processing industry in Uttarakhand buys power from the State Electricity Board and during the periods of chronic power shortage and frequent energy blackouts, it generates its own power largely through diesel generators. As fossil fuels are limited and have adverse environmental impact, it would be appropriate to convert huge amount of sawdust and wood waste generated by timber processing unit to energy either through saw dust briquetting or through biomass gasification power generation (BGPG). Technical and feasibility reports for BGPG in A-One Trading Corporation, a timber based SSI unit at Haldwani, Uttarakhand, estimated that AOTC has a potential of generating 20 KWh power with 901 Quintals of wood waste per month with a profit of 0.90 Rs/- per unit of electricity generated when compared to the commercial electricity rate of 3.10 Rs./- as purchased from the State Electricity Board. To convert wood waste into electricity for SSI�s self-consumption through biomass gasification-power generation technology has favorable conditions of environmental protection and energy conservation.

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biomass gasification power generation, environmental conservation, clean energy

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