Volume 1 | Issue 3 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture, the backbone of the Indian economy, sustains nearly 70% of the population. Despite their significant role, rural women face distinct and often undervalued roles due to patriarchal norms and deep-rooted sex stereotypes. With 78% of female workers in India, and 86% in rural areas, engaged in agriculture, they often remain voiceless and invisible, working without payment or being pushed out of employment. National policies have aimed to improve conditions for women, but discriminatory practices and wage inequalities persist. This study examines perceptions of sex stereotypes among rural farm laborers through two investigations: Mittra (1992) on urban construction workers with rural background & rural base and Srivastava and Bhatnagar (2002) on socially excluded female farm laborers in Kuriana village. Using the Picture Story Test (Bhatnagar; Bhalla & Poptani, 1991), the study found strong adherence to traditional gender roles, with feminine traits like being soft-spoken and submissive, and masculine traits like independence and dominance, overwhelmingly endorsed. These findings highlight the entrenched patriarchal mindset and the need to address power, inequality, and social change within Indian psychological research. The study emphasizes the importance of reaching out to marginalized rural populations, which make up over 70% of the population, to foster social equity and empowerment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sex stereotype, rural, gender, masculine, feminine, traits

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is predominantly an agrarian society. Agriculture is a way of life, a tradition which, for centuries, has shaped the thought, the outlook, the culture and the economic life of the people of India. Indian Agriculture has made rapid strides in the agricultural sector since Independence, particularly after the Green Revolution of the 1960s. With the country's population of more than 1 billion, inadequacies of serious long-term concern are now obvious. The 11th Five-Year Plan also indicates that agricultural development is an important component of inclusive growth approach. The growth has not been inclusive. In a similar vein, the growth in Credit Flow to Agriculture has been impressive over the years in absolute terms and yet there are many serious issues in flow of agricultural credit and evaluation of agricultural credit schemes for strengthening Indian agriculture that need to be addressed. Agriculture is a dominant sector of our economy and credit plays an important role in increasing agricultural production. Availability and access to adequate, timely and low-cost credit from institutional sources are of great importance, especially to small and marginal farmers. Government of India, in its Farm Credit Package announced in June 2004, advised banks to double credit to agriculture sector in three years, i.e., by 2006-07. In the annual budgets, Government of India announces targets for credit to agriculture to ensure adequate credit flow to the sector. The flow of agriculture credit since 2003-04 has consistently exceeded the target. Agriculture credit flow has increased from Rs. 86981 crore in 2003-04 to Rs. 468291 crores in 2010-11. The target for 2011-12 was fixed at Rs. 475,000 crore and achievement is Rs. 511029 crore, forming more than 107% of the target. The target of credit flow for the year 2012-13 has been fixed at Rs. 575,000 crore and achievement as on September 2012 was Rs. 239629 crores. The present study makes an attempt to analyze and evaluate agricultural credit schemes for strengthening Indian agriculture sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agricultural Credit, Institutional Credit, Agricultural loan and Rural Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

d

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

d

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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d

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The information technology revolution is one of humanity's most significant achievements. The usage of information technology is very common in all enterprises, regardless of size. The banking industry is one of the sectors that has incorporated the use of information technology into all of its activities. Banks' data bases are growing at such a rapid pace that they are unable to manage them and so cannot use the data for proper decision making. Some of the world's leading banks have begun to use cutting-edge data mining techniques for customer segmentation, profiling, fraud detection, targeting new customers, retaining existing customers, and predicting future trends, while others are still planning their implementation. The primary goal of this article is to analyze the challenges encountered by banks when handling data and to determine whether banks that use data mining technologies perform better in this regard than banks that do not use data mining techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Data Mining, Decision Making, Fraud Detection, Customer Relationship Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An ad-hoc network consists of mobile nodes. In an ad-hoc network, a mobile node can interact directly with another node within its transmission range, or it can pass its information to another node, which will operate as an intermediary node and forward the information to the target node via multi-hop connections. In such a network, no infrastructure is required. Ad hoc network routing protocols are divided into two types: proactive/table-driven and reactive/on-demand. The reactive routing protocol is employed anytime a communication is required. Reactive protocols are classified into two types: AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector protocol) and DSR (dynamic source routing protocol). In one type of scenario, one protocol may work best while another may perform worst, hence it is necessary to determine the ideal one in a more dynamic setting. The discrepancies in how these methods work result in considerable performance differences.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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MANET, AODV, DSR, RREQ, RREP

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The occupation of fishing has been deeply intertwined with the historical and cultural fabric of Manipur, both before and after its formal state formation. This study delves into the diverse fishing practices employed by the early inhabitants of Manipur, highlighting the significance of its topographical and ecological landscape in fostering a rich fishing tradition. From the pre-modern era to contemporary times, fishing has not only served as a vital source of sustenance but also as a way of life for the Meiteis and other communities dwelling in the valley. Traditional fishing techniques such as scoop nets, plunge cover baskets, spike fishing, and long-line fishing have been meticulously passed down through generations, reflecting a deep-seated connection between the people and their natural surroundings. Moreover, the establishment of fishing weirs and canals under the patronage of local chiefs and leaders has played a pivotal role in augmenting fish capture and facilitating pisciculture. Through the lens of historical accounts and folklore, this study elucidates the intricate network of fishing weirs and canals, each bearing unique names and cultural significance. Furthermore, the integration of fishing into agricultural practices underscores its multifaceted role in Manipuri society. Cultivators, during the rice cultivation season, engaged in fishing within their fields, utilizing homemade nets and rectangular fishing tools to supplement their livelihoods. The study also sheds light on the seasonal dynamics of fishing, delineating between 'Akashoy' and 'Akumshoy' practices conducted during periods of varying water levels. Notably, the introduction of the 'Patchaba' system aimed at protecting designated lake areas further exemplifies the cultural reverence for fishing and its ecological significance. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the historical evolution and cultural significance of fishing in Manipur, highlighting its enduring role as a cornerstone of livelihood and cultural heritage.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Manipur, Fishing techniques, Traditional fishing methods, Fishing weir, Pisciculture, Cultivation and fishing, Shoy (weir) management, Ecological settings, Cultural heritage, Agricultural fields fishing, Topographical features, Seasonal fishing practices, Canal construction, Indigenous fishing tools, Patchaba system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition