Volume 5 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

O'Brien (1954), Jackson (1954) and Hunt (1955) studied the problems of serial queues in the steady state with Poisson assumptions. In these studies, it is assumed that the unit must go through each service channel without leaving the system. Barrer (1955) obtained the steady - state solution of a single channel queuing model having Poisson input, exponential holding time, random selection where impatient customers leave the service facility after a wait of certain time. Finch (1959) studied simple queues with customers at random for service at a number of service stations in series where the arrival from outside was considered at the initial stage. Feedback is permitted either from the terminal server or from each server of the series to the queue waiting for service at that stage by imposing an upper limit on the number of customers in the system at any time. Singh(1984) studied the problem of serial queues introducing the concept of reneging. Singh and Umed (1994) worked on the network of queuing processes with impatient customers. Punam (2011) found the steady-state solution of serial queuing processes where feedback is not permitted. In our present work, the steady-state solutions are obtained for serial channels with feedback connected with non-serial queuing processes with reneging and balking and non-serial queuing processes with reneging and balking in which (i) M service channels in series are linked with N non-serial channels having reneging and balking. (ii) Feedback is permitted in M serial service channel from any channel to its pervious channel. (iii) A customer may join any channel from outside and leave the system at any stage after getting service. (iv) Poisson arrivals and exponential service times are followed. (v) The queue disciple is random selection for service. (vi) Waiting space is finite.

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 Keywords

Steady-State, difference-differential, waiting space, random selection, Poisson arrivals, exponential service, feedback, reneging and balking.

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Abstract: Bangalore, a bustling metropolis in India, has witnessed rapid population growth in recent decades, fueled by urbanization and economic opportunities. This surge has strained infrastructure, housing, and public services, leading to various socio-economic and environmental challenges. This abstract explores the causes and proposes potential solutions to mitigate these issues. The primary causes of Bangalore's population explosion include rural- urban migration driven by job prospects in IT and other sectors, coupled with a high fertility rate among existing residents. Such growth has resulted in overcrowded neighborhoods, inadequate sanitation, and increased pollution levels. To address these challenges, sustainable urban planning initiatives are crucial. These include expanding public transportation networks, promoting affordable housing projects, and enhancing healthcare and educational facilities. Furthermore, investing in green spaces and 2 | Page implementing effective waste management strategies are essential to improve the city's livability and environmental sustainability. This abstract concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated policies that balance economic growth with environmental conservation and social equity. By adopting comprehensive strategies, Bangalore can manage its rapid population growth more effectively and create a more livable urban environment for its residents. Bangalore, a thriving metropolis in India, has undergone unprecedented urbanization and economic growth in recent decades, propelling it into one of Asia's fastest-growing cities. This transformation has been accompanied by a significant surge in population, driven primarily by opportunities in the IT sector and other industries. As migrants flock to the city in search of employment and better livelihoods, Bangalore's demographic landscape has expanded rapidly, posing substantial challenges to its infrastructure, housing availability, and public services. The causes of Bangalore's population explosion are multifaceted. Urbanization has played a pivotal role, attracting a diverse population from rural areas and other states, drawn by the promise of employment opportunities and urban amenities. Concurrently, the city's existing residents contribute to its demographic growth through high fertility rates. These factors combined have resulted in extensive urban sprawl, 3 | Page overcrowded neighborhoods, strained transportation networks, and a burgeoning demand for housing, particularly affordable options. The consequences of this rapid growth are profound and wide-ranging. Infrastructure in Bangalore is under immense pressure, with inadequate road networks, traffic congestion, and insufficient public transportation systems hindering mobility and economic productivity. Housing shortages have led to the proliferation of informal settlements and slums, exacerbating social inequalities and complicating urban planning efforts. Moreover, public services such as healthcare, education, and sanitation struggle to meet the needs of an expanding population, impacting their accessibility and quality. Environmental sustainability is another critical concern amid Bangalore's rapid urban expansion. The city's rapid development has contributed to environmental degradation, including air and water pollution, loss of green spaces, and challenges in waste management. These environmental pressures not only threaten public health but also strain natural resources and exacerbate climate vulnerabilities. In response to these challenges, Bangalore has embarked on various initiatives aimed at managing its population growth sustainably. Sustainable urban planning strategies are at the forefront, emphasizing compact development, mixed land use, and transit-oriented infrastructure to optimize urban space and improve connectivity. Efforts 4 | Page to promote affordable housing projects and upgrade informal settlements aim to enhance living conditions and reduce socio-economic disparities. Investments in healthcare, education, and sanitation infrastructure are pivotal to improving public service delivery and ensuring equitable access for all residents. Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this study posits that rapid population growth in Bangalore is primarily driven by urbanization and economic opportunities, particularly in the IT sector, leading to significant strains on infrastructure, housing, and public services. This demographic expansion exacerbates socio-economic disparities and environmental challenges, necessitating comprehensive urban planning and sustainable development strategies to manage growth effectively while enhancing quality of life for residents. Through targeted interventions and policy measures, Bangalore can mitigate the negative impacts of population growth, achieve balanced urban development, and foster a resilient and inclusive city environment for its diverse population.

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 Keywords

Key Words: ? Bangalore ? Population growth ? Urbanization ? Infrastructure ? Housing ? Public services ? Socio-economic challenges ? Environmental impact ? Sustainable urban planning ? Public transportation ? Affordable housing ? Healthcare facilities ? Educational facilities ? Green spaces ? Waste management ? Livability

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Abstract "The Adivasis are the original inhabitants whose materials position is perhaps no better than that of Harijans and who have long been victims of neglect on the part of the so-called high classes. They are like the indigenous medicine, of the soil, and their roots lie deep there" Mahatma Gandhi 1 India has the largest concentration of tribal people in world, next to Africa. Tribal villages are located in remote and inaccessible forest regions The tribes are said to be the original inhabitants of India. They are called different names. Adivasis, tribes, primitive tribal groups, indigenous people, Scheduled tribes, aboriginals etc. In addition, there are hundreds of de- notified tribes, nomadic tribes, semi-nomadic tribes and other tribes that have not been included in the Scheduled list. In tribal dominated regions, and the poor socio-economic conditions of the tribes were attributed to their geographical and social isolation. The schedule caste (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) are two groups of historically disadvantaged people recognized in the constitution of India. The tribals are deprived of their right in each and every sphere of society. In recent years the resources like land, forest and water of the scheduled has mounted and they have been displaced. The key issue today is the protection of tribal people against exploitation, guaranteeing their rights in their resources so that they are able to develop according to their genius and aspiration. A number of domestic as well as international instruments are constructed to uplift these backward classes of people. The constitution made provisions for socio economic development of tribals.

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Keywords: Scheduled Tribes, Adivasis, nomadic, constitution, tribal area, privileges, vulnerable community, rehabilitation legislations, land laws, Reservation policies, and tribal rights, Forest Dwellers, Empowerment, Policies,

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This research explores the profound impact of Christianity on the educational practices and frameworks of the Tangkhul Naga community, located in the northeastern region of India. Historically, the Tangkhul Nagas had a rich oral tradition and indigenous knowledge systems, which were disrupted by colonial influences and missionary activities in the 19th century. This study examines the transition from traditional educational models, rooted in cultural practices and communal knowledge, to the formalized systems introduced by Christian missionaries. Through qualitative methods, including interviews and archival research, the research investigates how Christian teachings and the establishment of schools transformed not only the literacy rates within the community but also the socio-cultural dynamics, gender roles, and economic opportunities. Moreover, it underscores the duality of this transformation--while Christianity and formal education offered pathways to modernity and empowerment, they simultaneously presented obstacles to the maintenance of indigenous identity and rituals. This study seeks to elucidate the complex relationship between tradition and transition in Tangkhul Naga education, so adding to wider dialogues on cultural change in post-colonial settings.

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 Keywords

Christianity, Ukhrul, Tangkhul, Naga, Missionary, Education.

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This study examines the impact of regulatory actions by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on stock market volatility. SEBI, as the chief regulatory authority overseeing India's securities markets, plays a crucial role in maintaining market stability and investor protection. The analysis focuses on how SEBI's regulations, including trading rules, disclosure requirements, margin policies, and market surveillance mechanisms, influence market volatility. SEBI's regulatory framework aims to enhance transparency and market integrity by setting comprehensive rules for trading, corporate governance, and financial reporting. By mandating timely and accurate disclosures, SEBI reduces information asymmetry, thereby fostering a more stable market environment. Additionally, SEBI's surveillance activities help detect and prevent market manipulation and insider trading, mitigating risks that can lead to excessive volatility. Policy measures such as adjusting margin requirements and implementing circuit breakers also have a significant impact on market stability. Higher margin requirements can reduce speculative trading, thereby lowering volatility, while circuit breakers are designed to prevent extreme market movements during periods of stress. Furthermore, SEBI's initiatives in investor education and market development contribute to a more informed investor base and a more diversified market, both of which can help stabilize market fluctuations. The study highlights the dual role of SEBI's regulatory actions in both mitigating and occasionally amplifying market volatility, depending on their design and implementation. By critically evaluating these regulatory measures, the study aims to provide insights into their effectiveness in stabilizing the Indian stock market and protecting investor interests.

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Influence, SEBI, Regulatory Actions, Stock Market Volatility.

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Indian automobile sector, especially car segments are booming very much faster in the market. Major chunk of Indian population falls in the category of middle class in their financial status. These population have a strong dream of having their dream car, manufactured by an esteemed well recognized brand having a better customer rating. It is also observed that, post covid -19 car sales have increased very much due to its absolute necessity for commuting purpose. All car manufacturers today are trying to focus on producing quality cars at affordable prices. They improvise their cars through rigorous investments in R&D as a matter of best practices. New user-friendly technology makes customers come out with better travelling experience. Currently major challenges before car manufacturers are improving business climate, facing formidable competition, improve sales & also remain in market place for longer periods. The feasible solution observed is to opt out for joint collaboration with leading car manufacturers, where competitor emerge as a business partner for certain creamy layer segments. This will help out in carrying out combined operations, which helps in focusing on quality & value additions to be delivered to the users. This can remain as added image for both collaborating companies.

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Automobile, Category, Esteemed, Collaborations & Manufacturers.

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The Issues related to women's education are complex and multifaceted, often intertwined with broader social, economic, and cultural factors. In recent years, gender discrimination, economic constraints, safety and mobility issues, health-related issues, a lack of awareness and advocacy, a lack of female-based models, and the absence of female teachers and leaders in schools have all affected girls' motivation and perceptions of their own potential. Addressing these issues requires a holistic approach that includes policy reform, community engagement, investment in infrastructure, and targeted programs that address the unique challenges girls face in accessing and completing their education

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 Keywords

Social, Economic, Cultural factor, Gender Discrimination, Safety, Advocacy, Perceptions, Holistic, Policy, Reforms, Investment, Challenges

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Education has become competitive and so too the educational institutions. In order to survive the competition, institutions have to improve the quality of their services. Changes in culture, aspiration and levels of skills required in securing employment for students, force higher education institutions today to rework on their educational models and add value to each and every aspect of their service. Innovations and best practices serve to enhance quality and add value. In this paper innovations, small and big, developed indigenously and feasible to be implemented both at institutional and individual level are discussed. Innovational practices introduced at the national level as a part of policy changes by the government are also highlighted. Challenges which may come in the way of implementing the innovational practices are pointed out.

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Innovations in Higher education in India - current scenario, challenges and suggestions

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Self Help Groups are small informal groups consisting of 15-20 members set up for the purpose socially and economically empowering woman. SHGs are also best means for providing opportunity to women in order to make them financially independent and explore the inner selves as well as to build their leadership capacity. The groups provide both financial and social support, empowering women with a strong network of allies.The present study analyses the impact of SHGs by taking samples from the SHG members of Karkala Taluk of Udupi district.Karkala is a rural taluk of Karnataka where many SHGs are found. The example size of examination is 100 respondents. The outcome of the study reveals that SHGs have created a good platform for women to improve their standard of living. The groups have helped women to consolidate their savings and to improve their economic life.This study is done for knowing the impact of SHG in rural areas and see how it has helped in reduce poverty and made the members feel self-dependent.

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Self Help Groups, Empowerment, Rural woman

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Image mining focuses on extracting patterns from large image collections in databases, distinct from low-level computer vision and image processing techniques which primarily extract specific features from individual images. Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a widely-used system for indexing, searching, retrieving, and browsing image databases based on relevant image features. Key properties like color and texture play crucial roles in CBIR systems. This paper provides a detailed classification of CBIR systems, discussing the effectiveness of various techniques and their synergies to enhance retrieval performance.

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 Keywords

CBIR, TBIR, Feature Extraction, Image Retrieval.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition