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Abstract In the 19th century, India was an unhealthy place for the British. Many diseases such as malaria, cholera, dysentery, and smallpox were endemic, and there were periodic outbreaks of other infectious diseases. Venereal diseases as syphilis reached the subcontinent in the 16th century and soon became widespread. Venereal or Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have always been a big challenge for the Government. By the middle of the century, it became clear that the army in India was severely affected. The British policy on the venereal diseases revolved around the racial theory. Their venereal diseases policy was designed only for the white military in which civilian were not included because they were not interests in civilian sexual diseases. They considered venereal diseases in the European soldiers were due to proper lack of medical examination of prostitutes and only through the Disease Act could be controlled venereal diseases. British believed that prostitutes will be accepting medical examination and they would motivate to admit to the Lock Hospital for treatment. It was clear that through the Contagious Diseases Act, military authority wanted control over the prostitutes and their aim was protected by the British soldiers from infected prostitutes. Their purpose was not to provide better health to prostitutes but they wanted to prevent homosexuality or unhygienic sex. British policy moved beyond the notion that if white army man infected by prostitutes then the punishment will be given the only prostitutes. The most important fact was that they created division between registered and unregistered prostitutes. Despite the hard efforts of British Government, limited success of Lock Hospitals increased pressure on British Authority for the strict rules. In spite of great attention of the Government towards the soldiers, at the end of the First World War; in India had few hospitals and dispensaries opened for venereal diseases but hardly any venereal diseases specialist or treatment was available for a civilian. The fact remains that venereal diseases were the chief cause of sickness among the British troops but there is no doubt that different type of a venereal disease did not claim a large number of lives. Perhaps, it was the chief cause of careless attitude of the British Government towards the venereal diseases in India.