Published Paper Details:

A crucial oligo-element is fluoride. It is necessary for the growth of the teeth and the bone. Dental caries is caused by insufficient fluoride ingestion. fluorosis brought on by consuming fluoride in food and water. The transformation of the enamel's hydroxylapatite crystals into fluorapatite depends on fluoride. Because of its strength, this fluorapatite resists demineralization by acid. Conversely, consuming more fluoride from drinking water than is considered safe can result in a range of negative side effects, such as skeletal or dental fluorosis. As a result, the ICMR and WHO advised that 1.5 ppm of fluoride be allowed in drinking water. Varanasi district, India, the study of dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis in children (6-12 years) was carried out. Using the DEANS classification, the incidence of dental fluorosis in both dentitions and teeth as well as the contribution of drinking water fluoride levels to the etiology of dental fluorosis were evaluated. Using an ion-specific electrode, the fluoride level of the drinking water, blood, and urine was determined (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329). Drinking water has fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 15 parts per million. The youngsters from the study villages had serum and urine with fluoride contents that were abnormally high, according to the analysis of the samples. The elevated illness pattern can also be attributed to higher fluoride concentrations in drinking water.