Published Paper Details:

As plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) become more popular, the utility companies are forced to feed the grid more electricity. However, these PHEVs are capable of providing power to the grid when they are parked serving as ancillary systems for grid regulation (V2G). Using a system based on photovoltaic (PV) technology, a design for a bidirectional inverter with LCL filter, and a bidirectional dc-dc with a constant current controller, was constructed using LT spice. Various papers were researched and analyzed to determine applicable designs for components. Simulations show the designs are capable of bidirectional power transfer. ETAP simulations show that delivering power to the grid provides additional unnecessary reactive power. Additional design topologies are recommended for future workThe society of automotive engineers define three levels of charging for EVs. level 1 charging uses a plug to connect to the vehicle's on-board charger and a standard household (120v) outlet. This is the slowest form of charging and works for those who travel less than 60 kilometers a day and have all night to charge. Level 2 charging uses a dedicated electric vehicle supply equipment(EVSE) at home or at a public station to provide power at 220 V or 240 V and up to 30 A. The level 3 charging is also referred to as dc fast charging time to 20-30 mins. DC fast charging is preferred for implementing a V2G architecture in micro-grid due to the quick power transfer that is required when EVs are utilized for energy storage. Also the dc bus can be used for integrating renewable generation source into the system.