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Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) technology for wastewater treatment is an innovative approach that utilizes the by-products generated from mushroom cultivation to treat wastewater. Spent mushroom substrate refers to the leftover material from mushroom cultivation after the mushrooms have been harvested. This material is rich in organic matter and contains various nutrients, making it suitable for use in wastewater treatment processes. The SMS technology typically involves using the spent mushroom substrate as a substrate or filter medium in constructed wetlands or bio filtration systems. In these systems, the SMS acts as a bio filter, providing a surface for microbial growth and creating an environment where microorganisms can degrade organic pollutants and remove nutrients from wastewater. The effectiveness of SMS technology for wastewater treatment depends on factors such as the type of wastewater being treated, the characteristics of the spent mushroom substrate, and the design of the treatment system. Research has shown that SMS technology can be effective in removing pollutants such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus from wastewater, while also reducing odors and improving water quality. One of the key advantages of SMS technology is its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Since spent mushroom substrate is a by-product of mushroom cultivation, it can often be obtained at low cost or even for free, reducing the overall cost of wastewater treatment. Additionally, using SMS for wastewater treatment helps to recycle organic waste and reduce the environmental impact of mushroom cultivation. Overall, spent mushroom substrate technology offers a promising approach to wastewater treatment that combines environmental sustainability with effective pollution control. Ongoing research and development in this field continue to refine and optimize the use of SMS for wastewater treatment applications.