Published Paper Details:

The biggest danger to sustainable agriculture is plant viral infections, which can cause multiple losses. Numerous viruses are affecting a variety of crops, thus new methods that can accurately identify the causative agents of viral infections are more and more needed for their efficient treatment and prevention. Numerous diagnostic techniques that are more sensitive and specific in identifying unidentified plant viruses are constantly being researched and developed. Controlling plant viral infections requires an early and precise diagnosis of these infections. For purposes of assembly, reproduction, intra- and intercellular mobility, and attracting vectors for dispersal, viruses depend on their hosts. Several viruses require chloroplasts to replicate. A crucial part of plant physiology, photosynthesis, is hampered when viruses multiply in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are present in plants which is very essential for the replication of viruses. Some viruses replicate in chloroplast. When viruses replicate in chloroplast they inhibit the photosynthesis process, which is a very important process in plant physiology. This viral infection reduces the quality of crop yield, stunts crop growth, and results in low-quality products. To overcome this condition or this viral infection in plants use different techniques like PCR and ELISA. Many techniques are effective and can provide accurate identification of the viral causative agent. There are continuously developed new techniques for the detection method of viruses present in plants which have improved sensitivity and specificity. Assays utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbents (ELISA), are created using the serological approach and are routinely utilized. However, ELISA's capacity to identify plant viruses is limited by factors including the target virus's antibody availability and the length of time needed to conduct the ELISA. Originally designed as a method for amplifying target DNA, the polymer chain reaction (PCR) has evolved into numerous variants and is now more sensitive than ELISA. Numerous plant virus detection systems, including those based on immunological detection, PCR technology, and hybridization-based techniques like microarray, microscopic method, visual inspection method, dot stain immune binding assay nucleic acid-based method, etc. are described here