Published Paper Details:

From the time when the onset of the global pandemic in early 2020, coronavirus disease in the year 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a mass challenge to health care systems all over the world. In order to fight from these challenges and to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies, it becomes of principal importance to explain the pathophysiology of this illness. Many researchers have concluded one key pathologic component associated with infection severity and course, termed as an immunothrombrosis. This appeared as a dominant pathological process impairing morbidity and mortality in acute- and long-COVID-19 infections after 2 years of Covid-19 exposure. The hypercoagulable state is due in part to immune system disturb regulation, inflammation and cellular damage, as well as a reduction in defence systems. One defence mechanism in particular is glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitously found antioxidant. GSH is a vital antioxidant that naturally produce in our body and works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). The group of adverse effects caused by virus as a result of GSH depletion in states like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis. It is quite difficult to compare these health issues as side effects of vaccination or it is due to Covid-19 infection, because large proportion of vaccinated individuals with double dose and booster dose are facing different health issues after two years of Covid-19 exposure as per our publication (Sarfaraz Hanfi, et al., 2024). The group of adverse health effects as a result of GSH depletion in conditions like COVID-19 suggest that GSH reduction is a dominant mechanism of immunothrombosis and other related health issues. We aim to observe and conclude the fluctuation in GSH level of post COVID-19 survivors with compare to Non Covid-19 individual's and the level of GSH towards Covid-19 vaccinated and Non-vaccinated subjects. GSH is most important antioxidant that naturally produce in our body it works to limit the levels of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Decreased levels of GSH and elevated levels of ROS have been associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis which shows major health issues in elderly aged as well as young individuals. (Silvagno F, et al., 2020). Proper diet high in antioxidants, physical exercise and routine health check-up are required to ease the risk of many diseases (including Heart disease, Arthritis and some cancers). Dietary antioxidants help to prevent and reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress.