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The Khasi-Jaintia society, indigenous to the northeastern region of India, has a rich historical background that shaped its social structure over time. This abstract aims to provide an overview of the origin and growth of the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society, with a specific focus on the urbanization of Shillong, the capital city of Meghalaya state. The Khasi-Jaintia society traces its origins back to ancient times when these tribes inhabited the hills and valleys of the region. Historically, the society followed a matrilineal system where descent and inheritance were traced through the female line. This unique social structure influenced various aspects of their community life, including kinship ties, landownership patterns, and political organization. As British colonial rule spread across India, the Khasi-Jaintia Hills came under British administration, and Shillong emerged as an important administrative and commercial center. With the establishment of the British Raj, the colonial administration introduced urbanization policies that transformed Shillong into a thriving urban hub. This urbanization process brought about significant changes in the social fabric of the Khasi-Jaintia society. The influx of people from different parts of India and the world into Shillong led to increased cultural diversity and interactions. The rapid urban growth and economic opportunities attracted migrants, resulting in the emergence of a multicultural society in Shillong. However, the Khasi-Jaintia society retained its distinctive social structure amidst these changes, adapting to the evolving urban environment while preserving their unique customs and traditions. The urbanization of Shillong also brought about socio-economic disparities, as the city became a symbol of privilege and economic prosperity. While some segments of the Khasi-Jaintia society benefited from the urbanization process, others faced challenges such as land encroachment, marginalization, and changes in traditional occupations. This led to social tensions and the need for adaptations within the community to address these issues. In recent decades, Shillong has witnessed further urban development, including the expansion of educational institutions, government offices, and the growth of the service sector. These changes have continued to shape the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society, with increased opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility. In conclusion, the origin and growth of the social structure of the Khasi-Jaintia society can be understood in the context of the urbanization of Shillong. While the city's transformation brought both opportunities and challenges, the Khasi-Jaintia society has demonstrated resilience in preserving its distinct social structure while adapting to the changing urban environment. The dynamics of urbanization continue to shape the social fabric of the Khasi-Jaintia society, making it a fascinating area of study for understanding the interplay between tradition and modernity.