Published Paper Details:

Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea(FHA) is a condition with multifactorial pathophysiology affecting the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. This happens due to the Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO) axis disruption, leading to the persistent cause of amenorrhea. Several factors such as Psychosocial stress, weight loss, diet with calorie restriction, excessive exercise or a combination of these acts as triggers. Young women with FHA often struggle to manage stress and are prone to mood swings, depression and anxiety. Since FHA causes hormonal disturbances, chronic hypoestrogenemia results in a negative influence on growth of bones. Low levels of estrogen inhibits the gene expression of osteoprotegerin and influences the apoptosis of osteoblasts. In addition to this, hypoestrogenemia also delays the formation of bone growth factors and bone remodelling. This in turn reduces bone mineral density, making them more fragile and vulnerable to the risk of fractures. Furthermore it poses risks to cardiovascular health and reproductive well-being. Treatment includes an interdisciplinary approach to address bone health, psychological support, nutritional deficiencies and fertility support. Restoring hormonal imbalance and ensuring overall well-being are the key factors of management.