Published Paper Details:

Composting is the biological degradation of protein, amino acid, lipids, carbohydrates, cellulose, and lignin through the presence of oxygen and an adequate supply of nutrients (N.P.K) for a microorganism that produces heat, CO2, H2O, NO3, SO4 as a byproduct of the exothermic reaction and having a final product of new cells generation and a stable soil-like substance called compost. New cells that are produced become part of the active biomass involved in the conversion of the organic matter, and when they die, they become part of the compost. This comprehensive look into the historical evolution of the composting process underlines the challenges in technology development and process modification. Market analysis and the challenges in developing nations cannot also be underestimated as they provide adequate motivation for functional industries and business expansion. The prospects and the demand for compost as the world moves toward sustainable development through greener activities that reduce the global footprint and environmental impact of agriculture activities and the lifestyle of the individual. As composting requires monitored stages, the necessary parameter and their challenges are further investigated and analyzed in this review.