Published Paper Details:

This examination focuses on the complex relationship between general anesthesia and its effects on vital physiological parameters like blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and heart rate. Administering anesthesia requires precise dosing to ensure smooth surgical procedures and postoperative recovery. Various studies' findings are synthesized in this work to shed light on how anesthesia affects patient hemodynamics and metabolic responses. General anesthesia is a component of modern medicine, facilitating surgical and medical procedures by inducing a reversible loss of consciousness, analgesia, amnesia, and muscle relaxation. To ensure safe administration, close attention to physiological parameters such as blood pressure (BP), blood glucose levels (BSL), and heart rate (HR) is necessary. This review explores the objectives, risks, and management of these parameters during general anesthesia. Maintaining stable BP is a primary goal to ensure proper tissue perfusion. Risk factors for hypotension and hypertension, including patient-specific factors, surgical stress, medications, and existing medical conditions, are discussed. Hypotension can occur during anesthesia induction and the procedure, while hypertension can result from sympathetic stimulation, surgical stress, and anesthetic agents. Effective glucose management is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk, necessitating vigilant monitoring and medication adjustments. Prolonged fasting, surgical stress, and anesthesia choice contribute to these risks. HR stability is vital for maintaining cardiac output and tissue oxygenation. Factors influencing bradycardia and tachycardia, such as anesthesia drugs, surgical stimuli, existing conditions, and individual variability, are examined. Although rare, arrhythmias may also occur due to anesthesia or underlying cardiac conditions. In conclusion, the safe administration of general anesthesia requires comprehensive monitoring and management of BP, BSL, and HR. Anesthesia providers must consider patient-specific factors and tailor anesthetic plans to mitigate risks and optimize outcomes, ensuring physiological stability during surgery. This review underscores the importance of careful assessment, proactive intervention, and effective interdisciplinary collaboration in anesthesia practice.