Published Paper Details:

The present article provides an overview of the microorganisms present in pharmaceutical waste, which is composed of expired or unused medications, solvents, pharmaceutical dust, sewage water, and other materials generated during the production, distribution, and consumption of medicines. The article highlights the potential risks of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance associated with pharmaceutical waste, particularly the presence of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths, which may or may not show multidrug resistance. The objective of the study is to identify useful bacteria and a wide range of medicines that can treat infections caused by these microorganisms, as well as to eliminate dangerous bacteria. The article emphasizes the significance of proper disposal and treatment of pharmaceutical waste to avoid environmental pollution and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health, especially when multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are present. These are bacteria that are resistant to one or more drugs from three or more antibiotic categories. Several mechanisms can cause antibiotic resistance, including enzymatic resistance, reducing permeability, altering target sites, and genetic mutation. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial in developing effective strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.