Published Paper Details:

This review article traces the historical evolution of antibiotics, from Selman Waksman's coining of the term in 1942 to the ground- breaking discovery of penicillin by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928. The three phases of chemotherapy, including empirical use and Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet" concept, are explored. The modern era of chemotherapy is highlighted, emphasizing the different classes of antibiotics available today. The focus then shifts to the concerning phenomenon of irrational antibiotic use, with a detailed examination of factors contributing to antibiotic resistance. Inappropriate prescription practices, self-medication, extensive agricultural use, inaccurate diagnosis, and the emergence of natural and acquired resistance mechanisms are scrutinized. The article underlines the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance, especially in developing countries, and emphasizes the pivotal role of awareness and education. The article sheds light on the current scenario of antibiotic resistance in India, addressing specific resistance patterns among different bacterial strains. In conclusion, the article stresses the imminent antibiotic resistance crisis in India due to irrational use. It calls for a multi-faceted approach, including awareness campaigns, stricter regulations, improved healthcare infrastructure, and rational prescribing practices. The urgency of these actions is underscored, emphasizing that without concerted efforts, the future of healthcare in India is at risk, with potentially devastating consequences for public health. The importance of global collaboration and research investments is emphasized as key components in safeguarding effective antimicrobial agents for future generations.