Published Paper Details:

Water is an essential resource for promoting sustainable development and plays a pivotal role as a considerable energy source. Furthermore, the agriculture industry and numerous enterprises also deem it crucial. The global community acknowledges the advantages of ecosystems in terms of water resources. The Earth's surface is estimated to be encompassed by water to the extent of around 75%, the majority of which consists of salt water inside the oceans, accounting for 97%. The remaining proportion consists of freshwater, which is mostly distributed in lakes, rivers, icebergs, and groundwater reservoirs. The supply of freshwater supplies for human civilization is finite, and there is a noticeable decline in its freshness and purity. This research examines the availability of groundwater in Haryana, India, with a specific emphasis on geological parameters like the makeup of underlying strata, topographical characteristics, and patterns of precipitation. The net availability of groundwater in Haryana had a significant rise throughout the period from 1998 to 2017, rising from 724.84 thousand hectares to 1029.67 thousand meters. This expansion represents a growth rate of around 42%. The observed rise in levels might perhaps be attributed to an escalation in irrigation intensity facilitated by canal systems, as well as changes in precipitation patterns. Nevertheless, a discernible discrepancy in the accessibility of groundwater may be seen in the state of Haryana. The districts of Jind and Faridabad have recorded levels over 100%, but Karnal and Panipat have shown marginal decreases. In 1998, Mahendragarh had the most limited groundwater supply, whilst Hisar and Fatehabad showed the greatest quantities of groundwater. According to the data from 2017, Hisar exhibited the most abundant groundwater availability, whilst Mahendragarh shown the least amount of groundwater resources. The regions situated in the eastern and northeastern parts, namely Ambala, Y. Nagar, Kaithal, Panipat, Karnal, and Sonipat, have a greater abundance of groundwater resources. In the year 2017, it was observed that all districts in the state of Haryana have a minimum of thirty thousand groundwater sources, except for the districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh located in the southwestern region.