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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent issue affecting healthcare professionals, including staff nurses working in the operation theatre. This study aims to assess the prevalence of LBP in this specific population and identify the factors contributing to its occurrence. The findings of this research are intended to support the development of an informational booklet on exercises to alleviate low back pain. Objectives: This study pursues two primary objectives: firstly, to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain among staff nurses working in the operation theatre, and secondly, to identify and assess the factors contributing to the development of low back pain in this occupational group. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 108 staff nurses working in the operation theatre. The sample was purposively selected, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess the prevalence of low back pain, categorized into five levels of severity. The study identified and examined nine factors contributing to low back pain, including frequent standing, excessive workload, stress, patient assistance, frequent patient lifting, staff shortage, poor body mechanics, frequent bed movements, and carrying heavy medical equipment. Results: The results of this study revealed that among the participating nurses, 50 (46.29%) reported no low back pain, 42 (38.88%) experienced mild LBP, 15 (13.88%) had moderate LBP, while one (0.92%) reported severe LBP. Notably, no participant had complete LBP disability. The nine identified contributing factors were ranked as follows: frequent standing (89.81%), excessive workload (79.63%), stress (77.78%), patient assistance (72.22%), frequent patient lifting (59.25%), staff shortage (53.70%), poor body mechanics and frequent bed movements (52.78%), and carrying heavy medical equipment (42.59%). Conclusion: Low back pain is a prevalent issue among staff nurses in the operation theatre. This study's findings provide a comprehensive understanding of LBP's prevalence and contributing factors in this specific work environment. The insights gained will be instrumental in creating an exercise information booklet tailored to the needs of staff nurses, offering strategies for LBP relief and prevention.