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Watermelon (Citrullus lantanas) is a nourishing and popular fruit in the world. Watermelon is grown in favourable climates from tropical to temperate regions worldwide belong to the family Cucurbitaceae. Watermelon contains phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, stilbenes/lignans, and is rich source of carotenoids, lycopene. Watermelon contains cucurbitacin E which is anti-inflammatory phytonutrient and amino acids such as L-arginine and citrulline. It is the major source of vitamin C and vitamin A. In the nutritional composition of watermelon includes carbohydrates, sugar, soluble and insoluble fibres. Moreover, is contains good amount of potassium and magnesium. Watermelon by-products which can be produced such as juice, smoothies, dips, seed oils, medicines, ethanol etc., consumption of watermelons imparts various health benefits such as chemical components of watermelon enhance its capacity to scavenge the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a cell membrane. A plethora of evidence shows that it can be effective for weight loss. Several epidemiological studies showed it has phytochemicals that can reduce risk of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. Watermelon pomace is reported to be a concentrated source of lycopene as compared to the juice. This review shows up to date information on nutritional and Phytochemical constituents of watermelon, its wastage and by products and different methods used for dehydration, extraction and analysis of its chemical constituents. Citrullus lanatus has been reportedly used widely in traditional herbal medicine. The leaves of Citrullus lanatus is analgesic, anti-inflammatory, mosquitocidal, gonorrhoea and anti-microbial property. The fruits of Citrullus lanatus are eaten as a febrifuge when fully ripe or even when almost putrid. The fruit is used as a diuretic, anti-cancer, for treatment of high BP, antiviral and is effective in the treatment of dropsy and renal stones. The seed is also a good vermifuge and has a hypotensive action. It is demulcent, pectoral and tonic. It is sometimes used in the treatment of the urinary tract infections as well as bed wetting. The root is purgative and in high dose it can also serve as emetic. Fatty oil in the seed, as well as aqueous or alcoholic extracts, had been reported to paralyze tapeworms and roundworms. The seed oil has an anthelmintic action which is better than that of pumpkin seed oil.