Published Paper Details:

Abstract: The requirement of energy for human being in the planet earth is increasing day by day. The major source of energy is based on fossil fuel only. Thus, the scarcity of fossil fuels, rising price of petroleum based fuel, energy protection and increased global warming resulted in focusing on renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal and biomass worldwide. Bioenergy is one of many diverse resources available to help meet our demand for energy. It is a form of renewable energy that is derived from recently living organic materials known as biomass, which can be used to produce transportation fuels, heat, electricity, and products. The major forms of bio energy is biopower or electricity generated by the combustion of biomass, biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation of different forms of organic matter and biofuels (biothenol, biodiesel, etc). The feed stock sources used for the production of bioenergy are the forest based, agriculture based and municipal waste based. There are three Technologies used for the conversion of feed stock into bio energy i.e.thermal, chemical and biochemical processes. In the recent years, India has become a pioneer in climate protection and is one of the few countries to have performed exceptionally on the mitigation goal of NDCs. In order to promote bio energy in the country a national policy on bio energy was made by Ministry of new and renewable energy during the year 2009 and also its amendment in 2018. It was supposed that India will bring its non fossil base energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030 and full fill 50% of energy requirement through renewable energy, and roduce carbon intensity of its economy by more than 45%. The aim of the policy are to reduce import dependency, cleaner environment, MSW management, employment generation, infrastructural investment in rural areas and additional income to the farmers. . In this paper bioenergy and its forms, conversion technology, social, economic, ecological, and environmental impacts of bioenergy, and challenges in sustainable bioenergy production are discussed. Various bioenergy policies and programs introduced to accelerate bioenergy in India in past years are emphasized in the paper.