Published Paper Details:

There has historically been a nearly global propensity to enhance the capacity demand of the structure in order to counterbalance such events, which occur after every significant earthquake. Only in the last ten years have innovative approaches to solving this issue successfully been created. The emphasis is now placed on serviceability and safety under various earthquake magnitudes in the current international practice of performance-based engineering design. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly clear that in addition to methods for increasing ductility, the toolkit of a structural engineer should also contain devices that dissipate and share energy as well as those that can regulate a system's response. In order to prevent "dislodgement" or "unseating" of the superstructure in the event of strong ground shaking, new methods and systems have been developed. The focus of this work is on how these concepts might be applied to bridge designs that are reasonably earthquake resistant. One of the structural processes that significantly affects bridge design is wind load. The wind load is dynamic by nature. This indicates that it has a time- and space-dependent magnitude. As a result, analysing and modelling such a load and its respective effects on a building may be rather difficult and require a deep understanding of both structural analysis and mathematics.