Published Paper Details:

Summary Contagious nodular skin disease caused by contagious nodular skin disease virus is one of the major health problems affecting livestock farming in most African countries. Skin lesions are the main sources of infection; although the virus is evacuated through various body secretions and excretions, including semen. Therefore, susceptible hosts become infected with the virus primarily through mechanical means from blood-sucking arthropods, including flies, mosquitoes, and ticks. Transstadial and transovarian persistence is also possible in various tick species.After infection, the characteristic lesions of contagious nodular skin disease may burst 7 to 14 days after infection in experimental conditions, while in natural cases it takes 2 to 5 weeks. Multiple skin nodules (severe forms), sometimes involving the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, urogenital system and other internal organs. As a result, there will be reduced milk production, miscarriages, temporary or permanent sterility, skin damage and death, further contributing to catastrophic economic losses in livestock producing countries. Therefore, large-scale vaccination combined with other appropriate control measures is the most effective way to limit the spread and economic impact of contagious nodular skin disease.This review aims to provide the latest information on the biology of lumpy skin disease virus, the mechanism of spread, and the clinical and pathological features of lumpy skin disease