Published Paper Details:

The strength and durability of concrete after casting changes at variance factors regarding physical and chemical damages Concrete structures with steel-reinforcement are in a continuous and losing life with corrosiveness that naturally occurs from long-term exposure to an aggressive environment. The concrete structure like dams, canals, bridges which have the influence of water forms various types of chemical reactions which include carbonation attack, sulphate attack, chloride attack, alkali aggregate reaction etc. Chemical reactions, either intrinsic or extrinsic, are one of the main reasons for concrete's deterioration. The present dissertation consists on an analysis of the chemical expansive reactions in concrete element, the alkalis aggregate reaction, and the internal sulphuric reaction. During the carbonation process the fundamental element identified in the concrete microstructure is calcite which comes outs at the surface of concrete structure, in the form of cracks. When carbon dioxide causes by environment come contact into the concrete structure and effect with calcium hydroxide to create calcium carbonate this phenomenon is called as carbonation. Carbonation usually describe by pH value which indicate the depth of reaction in the structure. The depth of carbonation directly affects the life of structure in year. Through the years to overcome this problem the solution is being discovered by performing various experiments on Concrete after and before the casting. Which gave us the Chemical test like by increasing the C02 binding capacity, improving CaO Value and physical tests such as applying epoxy coating, etc.? After all, performing the various types of test for particular outcome finally check for durability tests for concrete structure is take place for better result. There are many of them but in this case it will be pH indicator, UTM and CTM is being discussed. This project addresses the study of chemical reaction which is taking place on various type of concrete structures and affect the durability and strength of it.