Published Paper Details:

The advent of 5G technology marks a significant milestone in the evolution of wireless communication, offering unprecedented speed, capacity, and connectivity. This review paper dissects the core architecture of 5G, addresses critical security concerns, and explores its novel applications. We begin by examining the Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN), which leverages millimeter wave communications, massive MIMO, and advanced channel coding and modulation techniques to enhance data rates and connectivity. The 5G Core Network (5GC) is highlighted for its service-based architecture, network slicing, and the separation of control and user planes, which collectively contribute to greater network flexibility and scalability. The roles of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in providing dynamic resource allocation and centralized network control are also discussed. Security concerns inherent to 5G, such as network slicing security, user privacy, authentication, and secure communication, are critically evaluated, underscoring the need for robust security measures and compliance with data protection regulations. The paper then delves into the transformative applications enabled by 5G, including Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) for high-speed internet and multimedia services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) for applications like remote surgery and industrial automation, and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) supporting IoT and smart city initiatives. Emerging trends and future directions, such as the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and edge computing, standardization efforts, spectrum management, and energy efficiency, are explored to provide insights into the ongoing evolution of 5G technology. The paper concludes by summarizing key findings, identifying open challenges, and discussing the potential long-term impact of 5G on various sectors and society as a whole. This comprehensive review aims to provide a clear understanding of 5G technology, its current state, and future possibilities.