Published Paper Details:

Members of the family Coronaviridae cause a broad spectrum of animal and human diseases. Until 2003, coronaviruses attracted little interest beyond causing mild upper respiratory tract infections. This changed dramatically in 2003 with the zoonotic SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) and the more recent emergence of MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus) has confirmed the coronaviruses as significant causes of severe respiratory disease. SARS-CoV is thought to be an animal virus from an as-yet-uncertain animal reservoir, perhaps bats, that spread to other animals (civet cats) and first infected humans in the Guangdong province of southern China in 2002(WHO 2020) and spread to five continents through air travel routes, infecting 8,098 people and causing 774 deaths. Since 2012, MERS-CoV has been emerged in the Arabian Peninsula and was exported to 27 countries including Algeria, Austria, Bahrain, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Islamic Republic of Iran, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, and Yemen (WHO 2019). Total of ~2,494 individuals and claiming 858 lives were reported due to the infection of MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with an on-going outbreak of atypical pneumonia (Covid-2019) that has affected over 209 countries and territories around the world and two international conveyances the Diamond Princess Cruise ship harboured in Yokohama, Japan, and the Holland America's MS Zaandam cruise ship. Up to 14, 46, 981 people affected of which 1, 055,207 active cases and 83,090 deaths are declared 08 April 2020. On January 30th 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern.