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In many countries including India, the problem of population explosion is a major one. As a result of the efforts made by the Government for solving this problem, the concepts like family planning have gained popularity. F.P. puts stress on health, child care, protection against child diseases, caring of pregnant women, nutritious food, education etc. along with birth control. The main aim is to increase the quality of the population. The birth of a child is not the matter of fate but a matter under human control. Thus family planning laid emphasis on increasing the quality of the population which is possible only through population control. The study of F.P. is of immense importance to an economy and for society. F.P. studies help us to know how far the growth rate of the economy is keeping pace with the growth rate of population. If population is increasing at a faster rate, the pace of development of the economy will be slow. Rapid population growth reduce per capita income, lowers the standard of living, plunges the economy into mass unemployment and under employment, brings environmental damage and puts a burden on existing social infrastructure. When population increases rapidly, the society always faced with innumerable problems like shortage of basic services of water, electricity, transports and communications, public health, education, migration, urbanization, law and order problem etc. arise. F.P. studies can remove these problems of the economy and society. Family planning is not just a method for population control but in a broad sense, it is concerned with the very quality of human life.