Published Paper Details:

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized the lighting industry and optoelectronics with their superior energy efficiency, long lifespan, and versatile applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of LED technology, tracing its history from the initial discovery to its widespread adoption across diverse sectors. It examines the fundamental working principles of LEDs, which involve the conversion of electrical energy into light through electroluminescence in semiconductor materials. The numerous advantages of LEDs over traditional lighting sources, such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps, are explored, including energy savings, durability, compact size, and low heat emission. The paper delves into the various applications of LEDs, ranging from general illumination and displays to signals, optoelectronics, and horticulture. Additionally, it discusses the latest advancements in LED technology, such as organic LEDs (OLEDs), micro-LED displays, and their integration with smart lighting systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). Challenges faced by the LED industry, including manufacturing costs and environmental concerns, are also addressed. Finally, the paper explores the future prospects of LED technology, highlighting the potential for further improvements in efficiency, color rendering, and integration with emerging technologies to meet global energy demands and contribute to sustainable lighting solutions.