Published Paper Details:

This review study is divided into two sections, the first of which focuses on the existing topologies used in wireless sensor networks and the second on the design of the node. As we all know, wireless sensor network technology is application-oriented, hence the network's topology and architecture will always alter from application to application, making it dynamic in nature. The creation and deployment of nodes always differ from old technologies; while traditional technology was utilized originally, its excessive use altered the situation. These topologies are now employed with hybrid methodologies, which include additional features and advantages, as is the case with node architecture. Many WSN applications require networking alternatives to improve cost reduction, efficiency, and security, so in this review report, we will discuss all of the topologies used and hybridized changes that have been made in the past and can be made in the future to the architecture of the WSN node.