Published Paper Details:

This secondary data related study has been undertaken to study nature and magnitude of employment in Himachal Pradesh. As per National Sample Survey Organisation according to principal status 52 percent of rural males and 29 percent of rural females during 1999-2000 and 54 percent of rural males and 41 percent of rural females were available for employment. Urban male labour force participation rates are higher than the rural ones during both surveys. Fifty percent of males (urban as well as rural) were employed during 1999- 2000, and 52 percent of rural males and 62 percent of urban males were employed during 2004-20005. The proportion of rural women employed was 39 percent during 2004-2005 and 28 percent during 1999-2000. Urban females were less employed than the rural ones. According to 'all workers' among the rural males with graduate level of education the worker population ratio was 88 percent during 1999-2000, which decreased to 78 percent during 2004-2005, and it was 80 percent during 1999-2000 and 69 percent during 2004-2005 for urban males. Self-employment among rural female was higher (93 percent during 1999- 2000 and 91 percent during 2004-2005) than rural males (around sixty percent). Urban females were more self-employed than males during both years. The extent of regular employment for urban males and females is the same (59 percent during 1999-2000 and 39 percent during 2004-2005) according to usual principal status. Around 20 percent of rural males and 2 percent of rural females during 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 were in casual labour. Agriculture accounts for bulk of employment for rural females, as around 90 percent (higher than that for males). Construction is responsible for 18-19 percent of rural male employment and 12-22 percent of urban male employment. Services account for 54 percent of urban female employment during 1999-2000 and 41 percent during 2004-2005 (higher than that of urban male employment), according to usual principal status. As per 2001 Census, 51 percent of the total persons in rural areas and 37 percent in urban areas were engaged in any type of work one year preceding the enumeration.