Published Paper Details:

Optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to wirelessly transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking. Outer space means vacuum, or something similar. This contrasts with using solids such as optical fiber cable. Optics technology used with reflecting telescopes which actively shapes a telescope's mirrors to prevent deformation due to external influences such as wind, temperature, mechanical stress. Without active optics, the construction of lengthy of class telescopes is not possible, nor would telescopes with segmented mirrors be feasible. One major challenge in accomplishing the full range of capabilities on a chip is that by definition, no single optical material can implement every desired optical functionality well due to conflicting requirements. Different materials each have their individual strengths, and so to maximise system performance, multiple materials need to be integrated onto a single chip in a so called heterogeneous or hybrid integration process. In this paper discuss about enable to a full range of optical functions and its communication, materials with diverse physical properties must be integrated and processed together and interconnected with low loss. Diffraction gratings can be etched into the wave guide. Long optical cavities are very sensitive to the mirror alignment. A control circuit can be used to peak power. One possibility is to perform small rotations with one end mirror. If this rotation is about the optimum position, no power oscillation occurs.