Published Paper Details:

The global energy crisis and environmental pollution, which are largely the result of increased consumption of nonrenewable energy sources, have prompted researchers to investigate alternative energy technologies that can harness energy from the environment. Mechanical energy is the most prevalent type of environmental energy that can be captured and converted into usable electrical energy. Due to its high electromechanical coupling and piezoelectric coefficients, piezoelectric transduction is a superior mechanical energy harvesting mechanism when compared to electrostatic, electromagnetic, and triboelectric transduction. The scientific community is thus most interested in piezoelectric energy harvesting. Micro- and nanoscale advancements in materials and manufacturing techniques enable the fabrication of piezoelectric generators with advantageous features such as electromechanical coupling coefficient, piezoelectric coefficient, flexibility, ductility, and integrability for a variety of applications became Furthermore, as technology in the electronics industry advances, smaller devices with lower power consumption become available on the market. As a result, many electronic devices are expected to be powered by piezoelectric generators in the near future. This white paper provides an in-depth look at the current state of the art in piezoelectric energy harvesting. We review piezoelectric energy conversion principles and describe the working mechanisms and modes of operation of piezoelectric generators. Recent research on inorganic, organic, composite, and bio-inspired natural piezoelectric materials is discussed.Examine nano-, micro-, and mesoscale piezoelectric energy harvesting applications in transportation, structures, air and water applications, intelligent systems, microfluidics, biomedical, wearable and implantable electronics, and tissue regeneration.To do. Advances, limitations, and potential improvements in piezoelectric energy harvesting technology materials and applications are discussed. In summary, this review covers a wide range of piezoelectric materials used in wireless electronics for clean power delivery.