Published Paper Details:

One of the key factors in achieving the optimum drug concentration in the systemic circulation for the desired (expected) pharmacological response is solubility, the phenomenon of solute dissolving in solvent to produce a homogeneous system. The main issue in developing formulations for new chemical entities as well as for generic development is low water solubility. Over 40% of the NCEs (new chemical entities) created by the pharmaceutical sector are essentially water insoluble. A significant difficulty for formulation scientists is solubility. Any medicine that is to be absorbed must be present in solution at the absorption site. Particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt creation, solid dispersion, use of surfactants, complexation, and other techniques are used to increase the solubility of poorly soluble pharmaceuticals. These techniques include physical and chemical drug changes as well as additional approaches. A sulfonyl urea known glimepiride is used to treat type II diabetes. The chemical name for glimepiride is C24H34N4O5S, and it has a molecular weight of around 490.617 g/mol. It falls under the Biopharmaceutical Classification System's Class II. It is hardly soluble in various organic solvents and buffers, but entirely insoluble in water and acidic solutions. It is taken orally, is soluble in Dimethyl Sulfoxide but insoluble in water, methanol, or methylene chloride (dichloromethane) (DMSO). Given this, many generic medication manufacturers are more likely to create bioequivalent oral drug formulations. The poor bioavailability of oral dose forms, however, presents the biggest design problem. Aqueous solubility, drug permeability, dissolving rate, first-pass metabolism, presystemic metabolism, and sensitivity to efflux mechanisms are some of the variables that affect oral bioavailability. Poor solubility and inadequate permeability are the two most common causes of low oral bioavailability.